AuthBridge

Future of BFSI Digital Signatures

Webinar Recap: Securing The Future Of BFSI With Digital Signatures

With technology moving at a fast pace, digital signatures stand as a testament to the innovation’s next step ahead. Imagine having the ability to swiftly and securely authenticate documents with just a click of a button. A marvel of modern technology, digital signatures are not just electronic scribbles but cryptographic algorithms that provide the same legal standing as a handwritten signature. This technological advancement is not just a convenience but a necessity. 

On Friday, 28 June 2024, AuthBridge conducted an insightful webinar exploring the ever-changing landscape of the BFSI industry with digital signatures making a significant shift towards seamless transactions. Our webinar, moderated by AuthBridge’s own Mansi Bhatia, featured two esteemed speakers:

  1. Aniket Poddar, Managing Director at Jeevan Utthan Financial Services
  2. Harish Damodaran, VP of Fintech Solutions at AuthBridge. 

Click on this link to watch the full webinar recording, on demand.

In the meantime, here is a quick webinar recap for you. 

Challenges With Traditional Paper-Based Processes

Aniket began the webinar by highlighting the difficulties faced by NBFCs, particularly those serving rural areas. “The first step is for us to understand our borrowers, our employees, and their educational levels,” he said focusing on the unique challenges encountered in these regions. 

In rural areas, borrowers often struggle with limited literacy, making it difficult for them to fill out lengthy loan application forms. This challenge required them to manually sign each paper. However, with technological advancements revolutionising processes, Jeevan Utthan has succeeded in eliminating the need for handwritten signatures, automating the entire process. By leveraging Aadhaar OTP, they have significantly reduced turnaround times, streamlining their operations to mere seconds. 

Expanding on Aniket’s insights, Harish chimed in to highlight the widespread nature of these challenges, emphasising how these are not just confined to the lending industry. He pointed out the inefficiencies associated with filling out endless forms and paperwork that are prevalent in various sectors, including insurance, securities, and beyond. 

Aniket then explained deeper into the transition from traditional to digital methods. “While digital signing and OTP-based methods are becoming more common, not everyone has their mobile number linked with Aadhaar,” he stated while mentioning the alternative options for virtual signing. These innovative solutions help build trust and confidence among customers as they smoothly navigate through the shift from traditional to digital processes. 

Benefits Of Digital Signatures

The landscape of digital signing methods has undergone a revolutionary transformation in recent years, with automation transforming the entire journey. The digitisation of signatures has played an important role in reshaping this journey, turning what was once a long and tiring process into a streamlined, efficient experience.

Harish explained this with the example of the lending industry, “On one end, you have a customer eager to get a loan as soon as possible, and on the other, a lending institution trying to disburse the loan quickly. Once negotiations are complete and the loan is approved, significant automation is essential. This is where robotic process automation (RPA) comes into play, reducing the time traditionally taken to get a signature.” 

Earlier, customers were stuck with a mountain of paperwork, often leading to erroneous signatures and huge delays. However, the automation of processes has eliminated such issues with a significant reduction in the turnaround time. 

Further, Aniket shared a real-time example to present the impact of this technological shift. During one of his loan disbursement experiences, a customer expressed her frustration about repeatedly having to call her husband for signatures. She contrasted this with another organization that had automated the entire process using just a click and an Aadhaar OTP. This made them realise how they were lagging behind competitors in embracing new technologies.  

Security Concerns And Building Trust

Security is a major deal for both the customer and the lender, especially when it comes to the financial sector. Fortunately, with AuthBridge’s digital signing platform, SignDrive, organisations can ensure transparency and provide an audit trail to reassure both customers and lenders. This platform is ISO-certified, with compliances such as ISO 9001 and 27001 that help keep transparency all around, helping create a secure environment in the entire industry. With audit trails, including time stamps, customers can be completely aware of every document they sign. 

Creating A Customer-Centric Experience

In today’s fast-paced world, creating a customer-centric experience is paramount, especially in the financial sector. Because obviously who wants to wait around for a loan? That too when you need money fast. To describe this, Harish rightly pointed out three key elements crucial in achieving this:

  • Transparency

In any process, especially when it comes to lending, every individual craves clarity and openness. Digitizing signatures and documents ensures a transparent, easy-to-understand system where customers can trust the process and feel confident in their decisions.

  • Urgency

Microfinance customers often need loans to address immediate concerns. Leveraging technology to streamline and speed up processes helps both lending institutions and customers, enabling quicker access to necessary funds.

  • Convenience

Imagine having the comfort of signing documents from anywhere, at any time. By providing the ability to sign securely from anywhere, customers are not restricted by logistics or timings.

Addressing Potential Frauds

Concerns regarding potential fraud are tackled comprehensively from both the employee and customer perspectives. To explain this, Aniket significantly highlighted Jeevan Utthan’s approach, implementing diverse training panels and modules. These include regular presentations and training sessions in collaboration with various organizations. Their field agents undergo rigorous training, ensuring they are well-prepared to educate and support borrowers effectively.

When it comes to borrowers, there’s a noticeable shift towards adopting paperless initiatives and digital signing. Borrowers have increasingly embraced digital signatures and Aadhaar OTP methods, recognizing the convenience, safety, and security they provide in today’s digital landscape.

Improvements In Turnaround Time (TAT)

When it comes to reduction in TAT, Jeevan Utthan has successfully managed to reduce its turnaround times for loan disbursement. Initially, they streamlined their process to initiate loan disbursement within 15 days. Moving forward they have managed to further optimise it to 10 days, leading to making it a 48 to 32 hours process. “Thanks to technology from AuthBridge and SignDrive, we’re aiming for on-tap disbursement, reducing TAT to just 24 hours,” stated Aniket expressing his confidence in these advancements. 

Future Of Digital Transformation

Lastly, when asked about the future of digitisation or digital transformation, both Harish and Aniket shared positive perspectives. 

Harish emphasised the diverse nature of digitisation, highlighting its role in enhancing the customer journey. He predicted the trend moving forward, with institutions embracing more integrated processes for convenience. 

Aniket agreed with Harish’s viewpoints expressing a strong belief in the industry’s future. 

Webinar Q&A Session

During the webinar, numerous participants posed insightful questions that enriched the audience’s understanding of our digital e-signing platform, SignDrive. Here are some of the key questions and answers:

Q1. How are digital signatures used in the engineering valuations?

Digital signatures can revolutionize engineering valuations, particularly when contracts are involved. Our platform allows for complete automation of the signing process, defining workflows to determine who needs to sign the contract and when. The true beauty of SignDrive lies in its customizability. Users can tailor their workflows according to their specific processes, selecting signatories and establishing signing frequencies that suit their unique needs.

Q2. From a tech standpoint, how do you ensure compliance with RBI and other regulatory norms?

SignDrive’s platform is ISO-certified, boasting compliances such as ISO 9001 and 27001. We adhere strictly to RBI guidelines by offering Aadhaar-based signatures, authenticated signatures, digital signatures, and electronic signatures. To ensure the authenticity of signatures, we maintain comprehensive audit trails. These records document the entire process, identifying signatories and capturing live images during the signing, thus ensuring full transparency and regulatory compliance.

Q3. How fast has loan approval become with the adoption of digital signatures?

The adoption of digital signatures has not only accelerated the loan approval process but has made it lightning-fast, significantly reducing turnaround times (TAT).

Q4. Can you elaborate on the use of digital signatures in other industries?

Digital signatures extend far beyond the BFSI sector. Any industry dealing with contracts and agreements can benefit from SignDrive. 

Q5. Have digital signatures improved customer satisfaction beyond speeding up the loan processing time?

Absolutely! With digital signatures, customer satisfaction has improved to a great extent. With everything happening digitally, customers no longer have to go through piles of paper signing them, enjoying a smoother and more efficient experience.

By Abhinandan, ago
Product Updates Blog | June

What’s New at AuthBridge | June Exciting Product Updates

Here we are again with another month of exciting advancements. 

We’re constantly pushing the boundaries of identity verification and risk management technology, and we’re thrilled to share the latest updates designed to empower your business.

In this blog, we’ll delve into the details of our new features, functionality enhancements, and platform integrations – all meticulously crafted to elevate your user experience and streamline your workflows. 

SignDrive

  • Auto Signing Feature: Now the signing process is made much faster and seamless! Once a signer clicks on the Signing tag, then all other signature tags get automatically filled and the journey ends. This leads to better user experience and especially in cases of blue-collar workers who ain’t that tech-friendly this feature helps in reducing drop-offs. The auto-signing feature will simplify the signing process, reducing the risk of errors or confusion, and eliminating the need to repetitively add signatures – making the process faster.

  • Configurable Consent Box: E-signatures often require signers to acknowledge their consent to terms and conditions. The configurable consent box enhances this by allowing customization to better suit specific situations. The consent can be customised to reflect the specific agreement or contract being signed. This ensures clarity and offers greater transparency and flexibility in the e-signing process.

  • Vernacular Texts: Multilingual capabilities are becoming increasingly important in e-signatures. With vernacular texts, we offer multiple language support where the e-signature interface and signing journey can be displayed in various languages, catering to a wider audience.

This feature allows for more regional accessibility to users in different regions by providing instructions and prompts in their native language. Not only it will cater to a global audience, but will also ensure a smooth signing experience for everyone involved.

iBridge

  • Insufficiency Tracker: In the advanced iBridge dashboard, you can easily track information insufficiencies. You get real-time updates on all pending verifications, and you can slice and dice the data any way you need. With full visibility and control, clients can now easily track where the holdups are and address them immediately.

This will make the onboarding much more seamless than ever. Not only this, clients can schedule a tracker to get live status updates straight to their inboxes. This way, they don’t have to manually check the status and stay always in the loop without any extra effort.

OnboardX

  • Separate Watchlist for High-Risk Vendors: Now clients can create different watchlists to categorize vendors based on the severity of their risk profile. These watchlists in the OnboardX dashboard can be constantly updated with new details.

A separate watchlist for high-risk vendors allows organizations to manage risk more effectively during the onboarding and contract creation process. By tailoring contract terms and due diligence practices to the specific risk profile of each vendor, organizations can minimize the potential for negative consequences.

This new feature of creating watchlists can trigger a more thorough due diligence process for high-risk vendors, including financial checks, references, and other assessments. Clients can now clearly define performance expectations, response times, and detailed service level agreements for non-compliance.

TruthScreen

  • Mega PAN: Mega PAN goes beyond just verifying the PAN itself. It can potentially streamline verification processes by offering a one-stop solution for comprehensive PAN details.

It checks the PAN holder’s name, father’s name, and mobile number against the Universal Account Number (UAN). This multi-point verification provides a more robust picture of the PAN’s authenticity.

The verification provides a larger set of details compared to a basic PAN check. 

This includes:

  • Name
  • Father’s name (matches PAN data)
  • Email address (if available)
  • Phone number (matches mobile number against UAN)
  • Date of birth
  • Gender
  • PAN category
  • Masked Aadhaar number (partial Aadhaar for privacy)
  • Whether Aadhaar is linked to PAN
  • UAN (if applicable)
  • Address

With this wider range of data points being verified, clients can be more confident about the legitimacy of the PAN holder and the information they provide. This can be particularly important for financial transactions or other sensitive interactions.

By Abhinandan, ago
White Collar Crime Meaning

What Is White Collar Crime? Meaning, Types & Impact

What Is White-Collar Crime?

The term “White-collar crime” encompasses a range of non-violent crimes committed by individuals, usually within their professional capacity, for financial gain. These crimes are characterised by deceit, concealment, and violation of trust rather than the use of physical force or violence. This term was first introduced by sociologist Edwin Sutherland in 1939, who defined it as crimes “committed by a person of respectability and high social status in the course of their occupation.”

White-collar crimes are distinct from other types of crimes in that they typically occur in business and government settings. The perpetrators are often individuals in positions of authority or trust, such as executives, managers, and public officials. These crimes can have far-reaching consequences, affecting not only the direct victims but also the economy and society at large.

History Of White-Collar Crimes

The recognition and prosecution of white-collar crime have evolved significantly over the past century. In the early 20th century, as businesses expanded and became more complex, opportunities for financial fraud and other white-collar crimes increased. During this period, such crimes were often underreported and not rigorously prosecuted, partly due to the perpetrators’ high social status and the perception that these crimes were less harmful than violent offences.

One of the earliest significant cases of white-collar crime was the Teapot Dome scandal of the 1920s, where U.S. government officials were found guilty of accepting bribes from oil companies. This case highlighted the need for greater scrutiny and regulation of corporate and governmental activities.

The latter half of the 20th century saw an increase in awareness and prosecution of white-collar crimes, spurred by high-profile cases such as the Watergate scandal and the collapse of Enron. These incidents underscored the devastating impact of corporate fraud and corruption, leading to stricter regulations and enforcement measures.

Today, white-collar crime remains a significant concern globally, with advancements in technology and globalisation presenting new challenges for detection and prevention. Governments and regulatory bodies continue to develop and implement strategies to combat these crimes, emphasising the importance of transparency, accountability, and ethical behaviour in the corporate world.

Types Of White-Collar Crime

White-collar crime encompasses a broad range of illegal activities committed for financial gain. Understanding the various types of white-collar crimes is essential for recognising the methods used and the impact these crimes have on society and businesses

White Collar Crime Types
Different Types Of White-Collar Crimes

Here are the most common types of white-collar crime:

  • Fraud

Fraud is a deliberate deception intended to secure an unfair or unlawful gain. It is one of the most prevalent types of white-collar crime, involving various forms such as securities fraud, insurance fraud, and mortgage fraud.

  • Securities Fraud

Securities fraud, also known as stock fraud or investment fraud, occurs when individuals or companies deceive investors or manipulate financial markets. This can include insider trading, where individuals with non-public information about a company trade its stocks, and Ponzi schemes, where returns are paid to earlier investors using the capital of newer investors rather than from profit earned.

  • Insurance Fraud

Insurance fraud involves providing false information to an insurance company to receive compensation or benefits. This can be exaggerated or fabricated claims, falsified applications, or staged accidents. According to the Association of British Insurers (ABI), insurance fraud costs the UK insurance industry over £1.3 billion annually.

  • Mortgage Fraud

Mortgage fraud occurs when individuals misrepresent or omit information on mortgage applications to obtain loans they would not otherwise qualify for. This can include inflating property values, lying about income, or using false identities.

  • Embezzlement

Embezzlement involves the misappropriation of funds or property entrusted to someone’s care. This is typically committed by employees or executives who have access to company finances. 

  • Corporate Fraud

Corporate fraud encompasses illegal activities undertaken by an individual or company to deceive stakeholders. This includes accounting fraud, where financial statements are manipulated to present a false picture of a company’s financial health, as seen in the Enron scandal.

  • Insider Trading

Insider trading involves trading stocks or other securities based on confidential, non-public information. This practice is illegal as it undermines investor confidence in the fairness and integrity of the securities markets. 

  • Money Laundering

Money laundering is the process by which individuals or entities disguise the origins of illegally obtained money, typically through a complex sequence of banking transfers or commercial transactions. The end goal is to make the illicit funds appear legitimate. The process of money laundering generally involves three stages: Placement, Layering and Integration.

  • Tax Evasion

Tax evasion involves deliberately underreporting or failing to report income to avoid paying taxes. This illegal activity deprives governments of the revenue needed for public services and infrastructure. The Panama Papers scandal exposed numerous instances of tax evasion by wealthy individuals and corporations.

  • Bribery and Corruption

Bribery and corruption involve offering, giving, receiving, or soliciting something of value to influence the actions of an official or other person in a position of authority. This can occur in both public and private sectors and undermines trust in institutions. 

  • Cybercrime

Cybercrime refers to criminal activities carried out using computers or the internet. This includes hacking, identity theft, and phishing scams. With the increasing reliance on digital technology, cybercrime has become a significant concern for businesses and individuals alike. The 2017 Equifax data breach, which exposed the personal information of 147 million people, highlights the severe impact of cybercrime.

Characteristics Of White-Collar Crime

White-collar crime is distinguished by several unique characteristics that set it apart from other forms of criminal activity. These characteristics help in understanding the nature and implications of such crimes.

Non-violent Nature

White-collar crimes are fundamentally non-violent, relying on cunning and guile rather than physical force. These crimes are executed through deceit, misrepresentation, and a breach of trust. The lack of physical violence often leads to a misconception that white-collar crimes are less harmful. However, the financial and emotional damage they inflict can be extensive and long-lasting. For instance, the collapse of Enron not only led to massive financial losses for investors but also resulted in thousands of employees losing their jobs and life savings.

High Social Status of Perpetrators

Perpetrators of white-collar crimes typically occupy positions of respect and authority within their professional environments. They are often business executives, government officials, or professionals such as lawyers, accountants, and doctors. The high social status of these individuals can complicate the detection and prosecution of their crimes. Their positions often allow them to manipulate or obscure evidence, and they may possess the resources to mount formidable legal defences. 

Occupational Context

White-collar crimes are committed in the context of one’s occupation. This occupational context means the crimes are intricately linked to the professional roles and responsibilities of the perpetrators. These crimes often involve complex transactions and sophisticated schemes that require expert knowledge. For instance, corporate frauds often involve intricate financial manipulations, such as off-balance-sheet financing, that can be difficult to unravel without specialised expertise.

White-collar crime’s non-violent yet highly damaging nature, coupled with the high status of its perpetrators and the complex occupational contexts, make it a challenging and critical area of concern for law enforcement and regulatory agencies worldwide.

Impact Of White-Collar Crimes

White-collar crime has far-reaching impacts that extend beyond immediate financial losses. The consequences can be profound, affecting the economy, social structures, and individual organisations.

  • Economic Impact

The economic impact of white-collar crime is substantial. These crimes can lead to significant financial losses for businesses, investors, and governments. For example, the 2008 financial crisis, which was partly precipitated by widespread mortgage fraud, resulted in a global economic downturn. This crisis led to trillions of dollars in losses, the collapse of major financial institutions, and widespread economic hardship. These financial losses can result in reduced investor confidence, increased insurance premiums, and higher costs of doing business.

  • Social and Psychological Impact

The social and psychological effects of white-collar crime can be devastating. Victims of these crimes, including employees, investors, and customers, may experience significant stress, anxiety, and a sense of betrayal. For example, employees who lose their jobs due to corporate fraud may face financial instability, loss of healthcare, and other hardships.

The Madoff Ponzi scheme left many investors financially ruined, with some losing their life savings. The psychological trauma from such losses can lead to severe mental health issues, including depression and anxiety.

  • Organisational Impact

Organisations affected by white-collar crime face a range of consequences. Financially, they may suffer from direct losses due to theft or fraud. Additionally, companies involved in scandals often see a decline in stock prices and investor trust. The dieselgate emissions scandal, for example, resulted in billions of euros in fines, legal costs, and compensation payments. The company also faced long-term reputational damage and loss of consumer trust.

Moreover, white-collar crime can lead to increased regulatory scrutiny and the imposition of more stringent compliance requirements. Companies may need to invest heavily in compliance programmes, internal controls, and auditing processes to prevent future incidents. This can increase operational costs and affect overall business performance.

Legal Framework And Enforcement Around White-Collar Crime

White-collar crime in India is governed by a comprehensive and intricate legal framework designed to address various facets of financial and corporate misconduct. The key pieces of legislation include:

  • Indian Penal Code (IPC), 1860: As the cornerstone of Indian criminal law, the IPC covers a broad spectrum of white-collar crimes. Specific sections relevant to white-collar offences include:
    • Section 403: Addresses dishonest misappropriation of property.
    • Section 406: Pertains to criminal breach of trust.
    • Section 409: Deals with criminal breach of trust by public servants, bankers, merchants, or agents.
    • Section 420: Covers cheating and dishonestly inducing delivery of property.
    • Sections 465, 468, and 471: Relate to forgery, forgery for cheating, and using forged documents as genuine, respectively.
  • Prevention of Corruption Act, 1988: This act specifically targets corruption within public offices. It defines corrupt practices and prescribes severe penalties for public servants engaged in bribery, misappropriation, and other forms of corruption. Key provisions include:
    • Section 7: Penalises public servants for accepting gratification other than legal remuneration.
    • Section 13: Defines criminal misconduct by a public servant.
    • Section 19: Requires prior sanction from the competent authority for prosecuting public servants, ensuring protection against frivolous charges.
  • Companies Act, 2013: Aimed at enhancing corporate governance, transparency, and accountability, this act includes stringent measures to tackle corporate fraud. Notable sections include:
    • Section 447: Defines the offence of fraud, prescribing imprisonment of up to ten years and fines that could extend to three times the amount involved in the fraud.
    • Section 448: Penalises false statements made in any return, report, certificate, financial statement, prospectus, etc.
  • Prevention of Money Laundering Act, 2002 (PMLA): This act seeks to prevent money laundering and provide for the confiscation of property derived from, or involved in, money laundering. Significant provisions include:
    • Section 3: Defines the offence of money laundering.
    • Section 4: Prescribes rigorous imprisonment for money laundering, ranging from three to seven years, which may extend up to ten years in cases involving narcotic drugs or psychotropic substances.
  • Securities and Exchange Board of India (SEBI) Act, 1992: SEBI is empowered to regulate and develop the securities market, ensuring investor protection. Key areas of focus include:
    • Insider Trading: SEBI has established strict regulations to prevent insider trading, including the SEBI (Prohibition of Insider Trading) Regulations, 2015.
    • Market Manipulation: SEBI monitors and penalises activities that manipulate the securities market, such as pump-and-dump schemes, false trading, and fraudulent financial reporting.

Regulatory Bodies And Agencies In India

Several regulatory bodies and enforcement agencies are instrumental in implementing these laws and ensuring compliance:

  • Central Bureau of Investigation (CBI): As India’s premier investigative agency, the CBI handles high-profile cases of corruption, financial fraud, and other white-collar crimes. It operates under the jurisdiction of the Ministry of Personnel, Public Grievances and Pensions.
  • Enforcement Directorate (ED): Responsible for enforcing the PMLA, the ED investigates cases of money laundering and foreign exchange violations. It works closely with other national and international agencies to track and confiscate illicit assets.
  • Securities and Exchange Board of India (SEBI): SEBI regulates the securities market, protecting investors and maintaining market integrity. It has powers to conduct investigations, impose penalties, and ban individuals/entities from trading.
  • Serious Fraud Investigation Office (SFIO): This multi-disciplinary organisation, operating under the Ministry of Corporate Affairs, investigates serious financial fraud. It has the authority to arrest and prosecute individuals involved in corporate fraud.
  • Reserve Bank of India (RBI): As the central banking institution, the RBI oversees the banking sector, ensuring adherence to regulatory norms to prevent banking fraud. It conducts inspections and audits and can impose penalties for non-compliance.

Prosecution And Penalties For White-Collar Crimes

The prosecution process for white-collar crimes in India is multi-faceted and involves several stages:

  1. Investigation: Initiated by regulatory bodies like the CBI, ED, or SFIO based on complaints, reports, or suo moto cognisance. Detailed investigations involve gathering evidence, forensic analysis, and interrogations.
  2. Charge-sheet Filing: After the investigation, a charge sheet is filed in the appropriate court, detailing the charges and evidence against the accused.
  3. Trial: The judicial process involves hearings, examination of evidence, and testimonies from witnesses. Both the prosecution and defence present their cases.
  4. Sentencing: Upon conviction, penalties vary based on the nature and severity of the crime. Penalties can include:
    • Imprisonment: Ranging from a few months to several years.
    • Fines: Can be substantial, often calculated as a multiple of the fraudulent amount.
    • Disqualification: Individuals can be disqualified from holding certain positions or conducting business.

Also Read: New Criminal Laws of India 2024

Notable White-Collar Crime Cases 

White-collar crime in India has been marked by several high-profile cases that have had far-reaching impacts on the corporate and financial sectors. These cases highlight the various methods employed by perpetrators and the consequences of such crimes.

  • Satyam Scandal (2009): Known as India’s Enron, the Satyam scandal involved the manipulation of company accounts by its chairman, Ramalinga Raju. The scandal, which surfaced in January 2009, revealed that the company’s accounts had been falsified to the extent of ₹7,136 crores. The revelation led to a massive loss of investor confidence and a subsequent collapse in the company’s share value.
  • Nirav Modi PNB Fraud Case (2018): This case involved fraudulent transactions worth over ₹13,000 crores conducted through Punjab National Bank (PNB) by Nirav Modi, a well-known jeweller. The fraud was executed using illegal letters of undertaking (LoUs) and unauthorised SWIFT transactions. The case uncovered significant lapses in the bank’s internal controls and regulatory oversight.
  • IL&FS Crisis (2018): Infrastructure Leasing & Financial Services (IL&FS) faced a severe financial crisis due to financial mismanagement and fraud. The group defaulted on several debt obligations, leading to a liquidity crunch in the financial sector. The crisis prompted a government-led overhaul of the company’s management and restructuring of its debt.
  • Vijay Mallya Kingfisher Airlines Case (2012): The flamboyant businessman Vijay Mallya was accused of financial mismanagement and defaulting on loans worth over ₹9,000 crores taken by Kingfisher Airlines. The company’s inability to repay the loans led to its collapse, and Mallya fled to the UK, evading legal proceedings in India.

Analysis Of Case Outcomes

The outcomes of these cases have varied, but they collectively underscore the importance of robust legal and regulatory frameworks in combating white-collar crime.

  • Satyam Scandal: The aftermath of the Satyam scandal led to significant changes in corporate governance practices in India. The government swiftly intervened by reconstituting the board and facilitating the acquisition of Satyam by Tech Mahindra. The scandal also prompted the introduction of the Companies Act, 2013, which includes stringent provisions for detecting and punishing corporate fraud.
  • Nirav Modi Case: This case highlighted the critical need for robust internal controls within banks and better regulatory oversight. The Reserve Bank of India (RBI) introduced stricter guidelines for issuing LoUs and monitoring SWIFT transactions. The Enforcement Directorate (ED) and Central Bureau of Investigation (CBI) seized assets worth thousands of crores, and efforts to extradite Nirav Modi from the UK are ongoing.
  • IL&FS Crisis: The IL&FS crisis exposed vulnerabilities in the financial sector, leading to a review of regulatory oversight of non-banking financial companies (NBFCs). The government appointed a new board to manage the company’s restructuring, and stringent measures were put in place to prevent such crises in the future.
  • Vijay Mallya Case: Vijay Mallya’s case underscored the challenges in extraditing economic offenders. Despite the delays in bringing Mallya back to India, his assets have been auctioned to recover some of the defaulted amounts. The case led to the enactment of the Fugitive Economic Offenders Act, 2018, which aims to prevent offenders from evading legal proceedings by fleeing the country.

Prevention And Detection Of White-Collar Crimes

Role of Corporate Governance

Corporate governance plays a pivotal role in preventing white-collar crime. Effective governance frameworks ensure transparency, accountability, and ethical business practices. Key elements include:

  • Board Oversight: A vigilant and independent board of directors is crucial for overseeing management activities and ensuring adherence to ethical standards. Regular board meetings, detailed reviews of financial statements, and independent audits are essential practices.
  • Internal Controls: Robust internal control systems help in monitoring and mitigating risks. These controls include clear policies and procedures for financial reporting, asset management, and compliance with laws and regulations.
  • Audit Committees: Independent audit committees within companies are responsible for overseeing internal audits and addressing any discrepancies or suspicious activities. They act as a bridge between the management and the external auditors, ensuring unbiased scrutiny of the company’s financial practices.

Compliance Programmes

Comprehensive compliance programmes are fundamental in detecting and preventing misconduct within organisations. These programmes typically include:

  • Regular Audits: Periodic internal and external audits help in identifying irregularities and ensuring adherence to regulatory requirements. Audits provide an objective assessment of the company’s financial health and operational integrity.
  • Employee Training: Regular training sessions on ethical practices, compliance requirements, and anti-fraud measures are crucial. Employees must be aware of the legal and regulatory frameworks governing their activities and the potential consequences of non-compliance.
  • Risk Assessment: Continuous risk assessment processes help in identifying and mitigating potential areas of fraud and misconduct. This involves evaluating the company’s operations, financial transactions, and third-party interactions for vulnerabilities.

Whistleblowing Mechanisms

Whistleblowing mechanisms provide a secure channel for employees and other stakeholders to report unethical or illegal activities. Key aspects include:

  • Anonymous Reporting: Ensuring anonymity for whistleblowers encourages more individuals to come forward without fear of retaliation. Confidential hotlines, secure online portals, and anonymous mailboxes are effective tools.
  • Legal Protection: Strong legal frameworks that protect whistleblowers from retaliation are essential. The Whistle Blowers Protection Act, 2014, in India, provides such safeguards, encouraging individuals to report misconduct.
  • Follow-up and Action: Establishing clear procedures for investigating whistleblower reports and taking appropriate action is critical. Transparent processes and timely interventions help in addressing the reported issues effectively.

Technological Tools And Solutions

Advancements in technology have significantly enhanced the detection and prevention of white-collar crime. Key tools and solutions include:

  • Data Analytics: Advanced data analytics tools help in identifying patterns and anomalies in financial transactions that may indicate fraudulent activities. These tools can process vast amounts of data to detect irregularities in real time.
  • Artificial Intelligence (AI): AI algorithms can predict potential fraud by analysing behavioural patterns and transaction histories. Machine learning models continuously improve their accuracy by learning from past incidents of fraud.
  • Cybersecurity Measures: Robust cybersecurity frameworks protect organisations from cyber fraud, hacking, and data breaches. Implementing firewalls, encryption, and secure authentication methods helps safeguard sensitive information.
Talk to sales - AuthBridge

Challenges In Addressing White-collar Crime

Complexity and Sophistication

white-collar crimes are inherently complex and sophisticated, often involving intricate schemes that are difficult to detect and unravel. This complexity arises from several factors:

  • Advanced Techniques: Perpetrators of white-collar crime often use advanced financial instruments, shell companies, and layered transactions to obscure their activities. For instance, complex derivatives, offshore accounts, and multiple layers of transactions can make it challenging to trace the flow of illicit funds.
  • High-Level Involvement: These crimes frequently involve individuals at senior management levels who have in-depth knowledge of the organisation’s systems and controls. Their position allows them to manipulate records, override controls, and cover up their actions effectively.
  • Technology: The use of sophisticated technology for committing and concealing crimes adds another layer of difficulty. Cybercrime, phishing, and digital forgery are examples where technology is both a tool and a shield for criminals.

Jurisdictional Issues

The global nature of many white-collar crimes presents significant jurisdictional challenges:

  • Cross-Border Transactions: white-collar crimes often involve cross-border financial transactions, complicating the tracing and recovery of assets. Different countries have varying levels of regulatory oversight, cooperation, and legal frameworks, making international coordination essential but difficult.
  • Legal Variances: Differences in legal definitions, enforcement priorities, and judicial procedures across jurisdictions can hinder effective prosecution. For example, an action considered a serious crime in one country might be less severely penalised in another.
  • Extradition Challenges: Bringing perpetrators to justice can be hampered by extradition laws and treaties. The legal and bureaucratic hurdles involved in extraditing individuals from one country to another can delay or even prevent prosecution.

Resource Constraints

Addressing white-collar crime requires substantial resources, including skilled personnel, advanced technology, and financial investment:

  • Skilled Personnel: Investigating and prosecuting white-collar crimes demands highly trained professionals with expertise in forensic accounting, financial analysis, law, and technology. There is often a shortage of such specialised skills within regulatory and enforcement agencies.
  • Technology Investment: Keeping up with the latest technological advancements used in committing crimes necessitates significant investment in cutting-edge tools and software. Many enforcement agencies may lack the budget to procure and maintain such technology.
  • Financial Resources: Extensive financial resources are needed for conducting thorough investigations, which may involve prolonged surveillance, forensic analysis, and international cooperation. Budget constraints can limit the scope and effectiveness of these efforts.

Conclusion

White-collar crime in India is complex and sophisticated, necessitating robust legal frameworks and vigilant enforcement by bodies like the CBI, ED, SEBI, SFIO, and RBI. High-profile cases such as the Satyam scandal and Nirav Modi PNB fraud underscore the importance of strong regulatory measures. Prevention relies on effective corporate governance, compliance programmes, whistleblowing mechanisms, and advanced technology. Challenges include scheme complexity, jurisdictional issues, and resource constraints. Ongoing vigilance, evolving legal frameworks, and international cooperation are crucial to maintaining a resilient and trustworthy financial and corporate environment.

Also Read:

  1. Police Verification In 2024
  2. The Future of Background Verification

FAQs around White-Collar Crimes

An example of white-collar crime is embezzlement. Embezzlement involves an individual, often in a position of trust within a company or organization, misappropriating or stealing funds or assets they were entrusted to manage. This type of crime typically occurs in corporate settings and is carried out by employees, executives, or public officials.

Blue-collar crimes are typically violent or physical crimes committed by individuals from lower socio-economic backgrounds, like theft or assault. White-collar crimes are non-violent, financially motivated crimes committed by professionals, such as fraud or embezzlement.

The term “white-collar crime” was coined by sociologist Edwin Sutherland in 1939 to describe non-violent crimes committed by individuals in professional or managerial positions, often involving financial or economic deceit. The term “white-collar” refers to the traditional attire of professionals, such as business executives and office workers, who typically wear white dress shirts and ties, distinguishing them from “blue-collar” workers who perform manual labor and wear blue uniforms.

In India, white-collar crimes are addressed under various sections of the Indian Penal Code (IPC) and other specific laws. Here are some relevant IPC sections and laws:

Indian Penal Code (IPC)

  • Section 405 to 409: Criminal breach of trust.
  • Section 415 to 420: Cheating and dishonestly inducing delivery of property.
  • Section 463 to 477A: Forgery and making false documents.

Other Relevant Laws

  • Prevention of Corruption Act, 1988: Addresses corruption and bribery.
  • Companies Act, 2013: Deals with frauds and offenses committed by corporate entities.
  • Information Technology Act, 2000: Covers cyber crimes and electronic frauds.
  • Prevention of Money Laundering Act, 2002: Targets money laundering activities.
  • Securities and Exchange Board of India (SEBI) Act, 1992: Regulates securities frauds and insider trading.

White-collar crimes encompass a variety of non-violent offenses typically committed for financial gain by individuals in professional or managerial positions. Common types include fraud (such as securities fraud, insurance fraud, and mortgage fraud), embezzlement, insider trading, money laundering, identity theft, bribery, tax evasion, and cybercrime.

White-collar crime is characterized by its non-violent nature and is typically committed by individuals in professional or managerial positions. These crimes involve deceit, manipulation, or breach of trust and are often financially motivated. Common methods include fraud, embezzlement, insider trading, and cybercrime. The offenders usually exploit their positions of power and access to sensitive information to commit these crimes, often resulting in significant financial losses and damage to public trust.

Controlling white-collar crime involves a combination of stringent regulations, robust enforcement, and comprehensive monitoring. Implementing strong internal controls within organizations, conducting regular audits, and ensuring transparency can deter fraudulent activities. Effective legal frameworks and penalties, coupled with dedicated investigative agencies, help prosecute offenders. Promoting ethical business practices and corporate governance, along with public awareness and whistleblower protection, further contribute to preventing and controlling white-collar crime.

By Abhinandan, ago
International Driving Permit/Licence

International Driving Permit: How To Apply, Fees, Validity & Eligibility

An International Driving Permit (IDP), also referred to as the International Driving License in India,  is an essential document for those planning to drive legally overseas. It acts as an official translation of your Indian driving licence into multiple languages, making it easier for foreign authorities to verify your driving credentials. The IDP is recognised in many countries worldwide and is particularly useful in countries where English is not the primary language.

Eligibility For Obtaining International Driving Permit

According to the Ministry of Road, Transport and Highways (MoRTH), an International Driving Permit will be issued to an applicant who holds a valid Indian Licence and who is a resident of India. Here are the requirements explained in detail.

Age Requirements

To be eligible for an International Driving Permit (IDP) in India, you must meet the following age criteria:

  • You must be at least 18 years old to apply for an IDP. This is a standard requirement across most countries to ensure that the applicant has sufficient driving experience and maturity to handle the complexities of driving in a foreign environment.

Valid Indian Driving Licence

Another crucial eligibility criterion is having a valid Indian driving licence. Here are the specifics:

  • Full Driving Licence: You must hold a valid, full Indian driving licence. Learner’s licences are not accepted for the issuance of an IDP.
  • Recent Renewal: If your driving licence is due for renewal, ensure it is renewed before applying for the IDP. An expired licence will not be considered valid for the application process.
  • Licence Verification: The driving licence must be verified by the Regional Transport Office (RTO) to ensure its authenticity before the IDP is issued.

These criteria ensure that only qualified and experienced drivers are given the right to drive legally, internationally, maintaining safety and compliance with international driving standards.

Documents Required For Obtaining An International Driving Permit

  1. Valid Indian Driving Licence

A valid Indian driving licence is the most critical document required for applying for an International Driving Permit. Ensure your licence is up-to-date and valid throughout the period you plan to drive abroad.

2. Passport And Visa

You will need to provide:

  • Valid Passport: A copy of your valid passport, including the photo and personal details page.
  • Valid Visa: A copy of the visa for the country you intend to visit. This confirms your legal entry into the country where you will be using the IDP.

3. Application Form 4A

The Form 4A is the official application form for an IDP in India. You can obtain this form from the Regional Transport Office (RTO) or download it from the Parivahan Sewa website. 

Form 4A Direct Download Link – Click Here.

Form 4A Part 1

Form 4A typically includes the following sections:

  • Personal details of the applicant
  • Details of the existing Indian driving licence
  • Details of the country where the applicant intends to drive
  • Declaration by the applicant
  • Signature and photograph of the applicant
Form 4A Part 2

The details mentioned in Form 4A should exactly match the details mentioned in the Indian Driving Licence of the applicant. 

4. Passport-Sized Photographs

Typically, you will need to provide two or more recent passport-sized photographs. These should meet the specifications set by the RTO, which usually include size, background colour, and clarity requirements.

5. Copy of Air Ticket (if required)

Some RTOs may require a copy of your air ticket to confirm your travel plans. This helps to verify the need for an IDP and ensures that it is being issued for legitimate travel purposes.

6. Medical Certificate Form 1A

One of the more important documents when applying for an IDP is a valid medical certificate, in the form of Form 1A. This form needs to be completed by a registered medical practitioner and ensures that the applicant is physically and mentally fit to drive.

Form 1A Download Link – Click Here.

Form 1-A Page 1

By ensuring the accurate completion of Form 1A and a thorough medical examination, applicants can fulfil the necessary requirements for obtaining an International Driving Permit or other driving-related permits in India.

Form 1-A Page 2

Filling this form is particularly necessary if there are any health-related conditions mentioned on the applicant’s driving licence.

How To Apply For The International Driving Permit (IDP)?

Online Application

  1. Visit the Parivahan Sewa Portal
  • Go to Parivahan Sewa‘s official website.
  • Navigate to the “Online Services” section and select “Driving Licence Related Services.”
  1. Select Your State

Choose your state from the dropdown menu to proceed to the state-specific transport department portal.

  1. Apply for an International Driving Permit

Click on the option “Apply for International Driving Permit” under the “Driving Licence Services” section.

  1. Fill the Application Form (Form 4A)

Complete Form 4A with accurate details. Ensure that all information matches your supporting documents. Details required include personal information, driving licence details, and travel details.

  1. Upload Required Documents
    Scan and upload the following documents:
    • Valid Indian driving licence
    • Passport and visa
    • Passport-sized photographs
    • Copy of the air ticket (if required)
    • Medical certificate (Form 1A)

Ensure that the scanned copies are clear and legible.

    1. Pay the Fee
    • Pay the prescribed fee for the IDP application through the online payment gateway.
    • The fee generally ranges from INR 1,000 to INR 1,500. Payment can be made via credit/debit card, net banking, or UPI.
    • Keep the payment receipt as proof of transaction.
    1. Issuance of IDP

    Once the verification is complete, the IDP will be issued. The IDP is typically issued within 3 to 5 working days and can be collected from the RTO or delivered to your address, depending on the RTO’s policy.

    Offline Application

    Visit the RTO that issued your driving licence or the one nearest to your residence.

    Filling and Submitting the Application Form

    1. Obtain Form 4A:
      • Collect Form 4A and any other required forms from the RTO.
    2. Fill Out the Form:
      • Complete the form with accurate details and attach the necessary documents.
    3. Submit the Form:
      • Submit the filled-out form along with the required documents to the RTO officer.

    Pay the application fee of INR 1,000 at the RTO’s designated counter. Keep the receipt as proof of payment.

    The RTO will then verify your submitted documents. Ensure all documents are complete and accurate to avoid delays.

    International Driving Permit (IDP) Application Fees

    The fee for obtaining an International Driving Permit (IDP) in India can vary slightly depending on the Regional Transport Office (RTO). Generally, the fee ranges between INR 1,000 to INR 1,500. This fee covers the processing of your application and the issuance of the permit.

    Here is a detailed breakdown of the typical costs involved:

    • Application Fee: This is the primary fee charged for processing your IDP application. It typically ranges from INR 1,000 to INR 1,500.
    • Service Charges: Some RTOs may levy additional service charges for handling the application. These charges can vary and are usually minimal.
    • Medical Certificate Fee: If a medical certificate (Form 1A) is required, you may need to pay an additional fee to the certified medical practitioner. This fee can range from INR 200 to INR 500, depending on the practitioner and location.

    Mode Of Fee Payment

    • Online Payment:
      • If you are applying online through the Parivahan Sewa portal, you can pay the fee via various online payment methods such as credit/debit cards, net banking, or UPI. Ensure you keep the payment receipt as proof of transaction.
    • Offline Payment:
      • For offline applications, the fee can be paid directly at the RTO. You can usually pay via cash or a demand draft. It’s important to collect the payment receipt from the RTO.

    How Long Does An International Driving Permit (IDP) Take To Process?

    The processing time for an International Driving Permit (IDP) in India typically ranges from 3 to 7 working days. This timeframe can vary based on several factors, including the efficiency of the Regional Transport Office (RTO) and the completeness of your application.

    Here’s a typical timeline:

    • Online Application:
      • After submitting your online application and attending the document verification at the RTO, the IDP is usually issued within 3 to 5 working days.
    • Offline Application:
      • For offline applications, the processing time can be slightly longer, usually around 5 to 7 working days, depending on the RTO’s workload.

    Factors Affecting Processing Time

    Several factors can influence the processing time for your IDP application:

    • Document Completeness:
      • Ensure all required documents are submitted accurately and completely. Any missing or incorrect documents can delay the process.
    • RTO Workload:
      • The volume of applications being processed at the RTO can affect the speed of issuance. RTOs with higher workloads may take longer to process applications.
    • Verification Process:
      • The thoroughness of the document verification process can also impact the timeframe. Ensure your documents are authentic and up-to-date to avoid delays.
    • Public Holidays:
      • Processing times can be extended due to public holidays or weekends when RTOs are closed.

    It is advisable to apply for your IDP well in advance of your planned travel date to accommodate any unforeseen delays.

    Validity Of The International Driving Permit (IDP)

    The International Driving Permit (IDP) issued in India is generally valid for one year from the date of issuance. This period is standard across most countries that recognise the IDP. It is important to note that the IDP is only valid if your Indian driving licence is valid. If your Indian driving licence expires before the IDP, the permit will also become invalid.

    How To Renew Your International Driving Permit (IDP)?

    If your IDP expires and you need to continue driving internationally, you must apply for a new permit. Here’s process to renew your International Driving Permit (IDP):

    1. Visit https://sarathi.parivahan.gov.in/
    2. Select concerned state
    3. Click on “Services on Drivers License(Renewal)” from the  “Driving License” menu
    4. Fill up the application form
    5. Click on the “Next Button” to proceed
    6. If required, obtain a new medical certificate (Form 1A) from a certified medical practitioner.
    7. Pay the renewal fee, which is generally the same as the initial application fee, ranging from INR 1,000 to INR 1,500.
    8. Visit RTO on the scheduled date, with original documents & Fee Slip. The processing time for renewal is similar to the initial application, usually taking 3 to 7 working days.

    Imagine you obtained your IDP in January 2023, valid until January 2024, but your Indian driving licence expires in December 2023. You would need to renew your Indian driving licence first, and then apply for a new IDP to ensure continuous validity.

    Countries Accepting International Driving Permit (IDP)

    The International Driving Permit (IDP) is recognised in many countries worldwide. Here are some of the key countries where you can use your IDP issued in India detailed in this infograpic:

    Countries that accept International Driving Permit

    Benefits Of Having An International Driving Permit (IDP)

    Having an International Driving Permit comes with several benefits. One of the main benefits of having an IDP is the act that it acts as an Identity proof in many countries. Here are the other benefits of having an IDP:

    • Legality: Ensures that you are driving legally in foreign countries.
    • Convenience: Helps overcome language barriers by providing your driving credentials in various languages.
    • Insurance: Many car rental companies and insurance providers require an IDP for coverage.
    • Peace of Mind: Provides an additional form of identification that can be helpful in case of emergencies.

    For instance, if you plan to travel across Europe, having an IDP will save you from potential legal issues and streamline the process of renting a vehicle. Countries like Italy, Spain, and Germany highly recommend or require an IDP for foreign drivers.

    Tips For Using Your International Driving Permit (IDP) Outside India

    Carrying Essential Documents

    When travelling abroad with an International Driving Permit (IDP), it’s crucial to carry the following documents at all times:

    • IDP: Always keep your IDP with you while driving.
    • Indian Driving Licence: The IDP is only valid when accompanied by your valid Indian driving licence.
    • Passport and Visa: Keep a copy of your passport and visa in case you need to provide additional identification.

    Understanding Local Traffic Laws

    Different countries have unique traffic laws and regulations. Here are some general tips to help you navigate:

    • Research Local Laws: Before travelling, research the driving laws of the country you are visiting. This includes speed limits, seat belt requirements, and mobile phone usage.
    • Road Signs: Familiarise yourself with the local road signs and what they indicate. Many countries have signs that differ significantly from those in India.
    • Driving Etiquette: Understand the local driving etiquette. For example, in some countries, it is common practice to allow pedestrians to have the right of way at all times.

    Emergency Contact Information

    In case of emergencies, having the right contact information is crucial:

    • Local Emergency Numbers: Know the local emergency contact numbers for police, ambulance, and roadside assistance. For example, the emergency number in most European countries is 112, while in the USA, it is 911.
    • Embassy Contact Information: Keep the contact details of the Indian embassy or consulate in the country you are visiting. They can assist if you encounter legal or bureaucratic issues.
    Talk to sales - AuthBridge

    FAQs on International Driving Permit (IDP)

    The International Driving Permit can only be issued to an applicant who holds a valid Indian Licence and who is a resident of India. Citizens can apply for the IDP both Offline and Online by visiting the relevant RTO or Parivahan website.

    The cost of obtaining an International Driving Permit (IDP) in India generally ranges from INR 1,000 to INR 1,500.

    The International Driving Permit (IDP) is a legal document while the International Driving Licence (IDP) is not.

    The International Driving Permit takes around a week to be processed and issued in India.

    No, the IDP is not valid for driving in the country or jurisdiction where it was issued. It can be used in only a few foreign countries.

    USA does accept IDP but the same varies state to state as per the local laws.

    No, he can’t. However, with an International Driving Permit (IDP) from a country that is a signatory to the 1949 Geneva Convention, he can drive the specified vehicle category in India until the IDP expires.

    The IDP is valid for one year from the date of issue or until the domestic license expires, whichever comes first.

    No, an IDP in India can only be issued to a Citizen of India.

    By Abhinandan, ago
    12-panel drug test

    12-Panel Drug Screening: All You Need To Know

    Drug testing is a critical practice in various sectors, utilised to detect the presence of drugs within an individual’s system. The primary goal of drug testing is to ensure safety, compliance with laws and regulations, and overall health. This process involves analysing biological specimens such as urine, saliva, blood, or hair to identify the presence of illegal substances or prescription medications. Among the various types of drug tests available, the 12-panel drug test stands out due to its comprehensive screening capabilities, detecting a wide range of substances that might be abused.

    Importance Of Drug Testing In Various Fields

    Drug testing plays a crucial role in multiple fields:

    • Workplace: Employers use drug tests to maintain a drug-free environment, which is essential for ensuring safety, enhancing productivity, and reducing workplace accidents. A 12-panel drug test is particularly beneficial for its extensive coverage of substances, making it a preferred choice for pre-employment screening and random checks.
    • Legal: In legal contexts, drug testing is used to monitor individuals on probation, parole, or involved in custody disputes. Courts often mandate drug tests to ensure compliance with legal orders and to safeguard the well-being of individuals and the community.
    • Medical: In healthcare, drug testing helps in managing patients undergoing treatment for substance abuse. It ensures that patients adhere to their prescribed medication regimens and assists in making informed decisions about their treatment plans.
    • Sports: Athletes are frequently subjected to drug tests to ensure they are not using performance-enhancing drugs. This maintains fairness in sports and the integrity of competitions.
    • Personal Use: At-home drug tests are available for individuals who wish to monitor their drug use or check for substance use among family members. These tests provide a convenient way to ensure personal and family safety.

    What Is A 12-Panel Drug Screening Test?

    A 12-panel drug test is a comprehensive screening tool used to detect the presence of twelve different substances in a person’s body. This type of drug test is highly regarded for its ability to identify a broad range of drugs, making it suitable for various applications, including employment screening, legal investigations, medical diagnostics, and personal use. The primary purpose of a 12-panel drug test is to ensure safety and compliance with regulations by identifying individuals who may be using illicit substances or misusing prescription medications.

    History and Evolution

    The history of drug testing dates back several decades, with early methods focusing on detecting a limited number of substances. As the need for more comprehensive testing grew, advancements in technology and science led to the development of multi-panel drug tests. The evolution from single-substance tests to the 12-panel drug test reflects the increasing demand for thorough and accurate drug screening.

    Initially, drug tests were simple and could only detect a few substances, such as marijuana and cocaine. Over time, as new drugs emerged and the misuse of prescription medications became more prevalent, the scope of drug testing expanded. The 12-panel drug test was developed to address these changes, providing a more extensive and reliable method for detecting a wide range of substances. This evolution has made drug testing more effective and applicable in various fields, from workplace safety to legal compliance and medical diagnostics.

    Drugs Checked For In A 12-Panel Drug Test

    The 12-panel drug test is designed to screen for a variety of commonly abused substances. Each of the twelve panels tests for a specific drug or a class of drugs. The substances typically included in a 12-panel drug test are:

    1. Amphetamines: This category includes drugs such as Adderall and methamphetamine, which are stimulants that can increase energy and concentration but are also highly addictive. Other common names for Amphetamines include Speed and Uppers.
    2. Barbiturates: Also known as Phenobarbital, and Secobarbital, these are sedatives used to treat anxiety and insomnia but prone to abuse and addiction.
    3. Benzodiazepines: Medications such as Valium and Xanax fall into this category. They are also known as Valium, Xanax, Ativan and are prescribed for anxiety and sleep disorders but can be addictive.
    4. Cocaine: A powerful stimulant drug that is illegal and highly addictive, often used recreationally. Common names for Cocaine are Coke, Blow, and Crack.
    5. Methadone: Typically used for opioid addiction treatment, methadone, also known as Dolophine, Methadose, can itself be abused.
    6. Methamphetamine: A potent central nervous system stimulant, known commonly as Meth, Crystal, Ice, which is highly addictive and illegal.
    7. MDMA (Ecstasy): A psychoactive drug commonly used recreationally, particularly in party settings, known for its euphoric effects. It is also known as Molly.
    8. Opiates: This group includes heroin, morphine, and codeine, which are derived from the opium poppy plant and are highly addictive pain relievers. Opiates are also known as Heroin (Smack), Codeine and Morphine.
    9. Oxycodone: A prescription opioid pain medication, known by brand names such as OxyContin, Percocet which is frequently abused.
    10. PCP (Phencyclidine): Originally developed as an anaesthetic, PCP also called Angel Dust, is now known for its hallucinogenic effects and potential for abuse.
    11. Propoxyphene: Although less commonly used today, this pain reliever, also known as Darvon, or Darvocet, was once prescribed for mild to moderate pain and has the potential for abuse.
    12. Marijuana (THC): The active component of cannabis, which is widely used both recreationally and medicinally. Common names of Marijuana include Weed, Pot and Cannabis.
    Parts of a 12-panel drug test

    The 12-panel drug test can be administered using various specimen types, each with its own set of procedures:

    • Urine Test: The most common method, involves the collection of a urine sample in a controlled environment. The sample is then sent to a laboratory for analysis.
    • Saliva Test: Saliva or oral fluid tests involve collecting a sample using a swab, which is then tested for drug residues. This method is less invasive and provides quick results.
    • Hair Test: Hair testing requires a small sample of hair, usually cut close to the scalp. It offers a longer detection window, making it suitable for identifying long-term drug use.
    • Blood Test: Blood tests are the most accurate but also the most invasive. They require a sample of blood drawn from a vein and provide detailed information about current drug levels in the bloodstream.

    The testing process typically involves an initial immunoassay screen to detect the presence of drugs. If the initial screen is positive, confirmatory testing such as gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) is used to ensure accuracy and rule out false positives.

    How Does A 12-Panel Drug Test Work?

    Sample Collection

    The first step in a 12-panel drug test is the collection of a biological sample. Depending on the type of test being administered, this sample can be urine, saliva, hair, or blood.

    • Urine Collection: This is the most common method. The individual provides a urine sample in a controlled environment to prevent tampering. Often, the collection takes place under supervision to ensure the sample’s integrity.
    • Saliva Collection: A swab is used to collect saliva from the inside of the individual’s mouth. This method is less invasive and can be performed quickly and easily.
    • Hair Collection: A small sample of hair is cut from close to the scalp. Hair samples provide a longer detection window for drug use.
    • Blood Collection: A blood sample is drawn from a vein, usually in a medical setting. This method is the most invasive but provides highly accurate results.

    Laboratory Analysis

    After collection, the sample is sent to a laboratory for analysis. The testing process typically involves the following steps:

    • Initial Screening: The first test performed on the sample is an immunoassay screen, which is designed to quickly identify the presence of drugs. This screening test is highly sensitive and can detect even small amounts of substances.
    • Confirmatory Testing: If the initial screen returns a positive result, a more specific confirmatory test is conducted. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) is commonly used for this purpose. GC-MS is a highly accurate method that can confirm the presence of specific drugs and rule out false positives.

    Interpretation of Results

    The results of the 12-panel drug test are interpreted based on the presence of specific substances in the sample:

    • Positive Result: Indicates that one or more of the drugs tested for are present in the sample at a detectable level. A positive result on the initial screen is followed by confirmatory testing to ensure accuracy.
    • Negative Result: This means that none of the drugs tested for are present in the sample above the detection threshold.

    Laboratories follow strict guidelines to ensure the accuracy and reliability of the test results. Any positive results are typically reviewed by a medical review officer (MRO) to determine if there is a legitimate medical explanation for the presence of the substance.

    Types Of Specimens Used For 12-Panel Drug Test

    1. Urine Testing
      2. Urine testing is the most commonly used method for administering a 12-panel drug test. This method is preferred due to its non-invasive nature, ease of collection, and ability to provide quick results. The urine sample is collected in a controlled environment, often under supervision, to ensure the integrity of the sample. Urine tests are effective for detecting recent drug use, typically within the past few days to a week, depending on the substance.
    2. Saliva Testing
      3. Saliva testing, or oral fluid testing, involves collecting a sample of saliva using a swab. This method is gaining popularity due to its non-invasive nature and convenience. Saliva tests are particularly useful for detecting recent drug use, usually within the past 24 to 48 hours. This makes them suitable for situations where immediate detection is critical, such as roadside testing for impaired driving.
    3. Hair Testing
      4. Hair testing offers a longer detection window compared to urine and saliva testing. A small sample of hair, usually taken from the scalp, is collected and analyzed for drug residues. Hair tests can detect drug use over the past 90 days or longer, making them ideal for identifying long-term or chronic use. This method is particularly useful in legal and forensic settings where historical drug use needs to be assessed.
    4. Blood Testing
      5. Blood testing is the most accurate but also the most invasive method for a 12-panel drug test. It involves drawing a blood sample from a vein, typically performed in a medical setting. Blood tests provide detailed information about the substances currently present in the bloodstream, offering precise and real-time results. This method is often used in medical diagnostics and forensic investigations where accuracy is paramount.

    Comparative Detection Windows For Different Specimens

    Specimen Type

    Detection Window

    Invasiveness

    Urine

    1-7 days (depending on drug)

    Non-invasive

    Saliva

    24-48 hours

    Non-invasive

    Hair

    Up to 90 days or more

    Minimally invasive

    Blood

    Hours to a few days

    Invasive

    Benefits And Drawbacks Of Each Drug Test Specimen Type

    • Urine Testing:
      • Benefits: Non-invasive, quick results, cost-effective.
      • Drawbacks: Shorter detection window, potential for sample tampering.
    • Saliva Testing:
      • Benefits: Non-invasive, easy collection, detect recent use.
      • Drawbacks: Short detection window, less effective for certain drugs.
    • Hair Testing:
      • Benefits: Long detection window, difficult to tamper with.
      • Drawbacks: More expensive, not effective for detecting very recent use.
    • Blood Testing:
      • Benefits: Highly accurate, real-time detection.
      • Drawbacks: Invasive, more expensive, requires medical personnel.

    Benefits Of A 12-Panel Drug Test

    1. Comprehensive Screening
      2. The primary advantage of the 12-panel drug test is its comprehensive nature. Unlike tests that screen for only a few substances, the 12-panel test covers a wide range of commonly abused drugs, making it a robust tool for detecting various forms of drug use. This extensive screening capability makes it particularly useful in settings where the complete elimination of drug use is critical, such as in workplaces, schools, and legal contexts.
    2. Accuracy and Reliability
      3. The 12-panel drug test is known for its high accuracy and reliability. The initial immunoassay screening is designed to detect even trace amounts of drugs, while confirmatory testing using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) ensures that the results are precise and reliable. This dual-testing approach minimizes the chances of false positives and false negatives, providing dependable results that can be trusted by employers, legal authorities, and medical professionals.
    3. Cost-Effectiveness
      4. Despite its extensive screening capabilities, the 12-panel drug test remains cost-effective. The cost of conducting a 12-panel test is comparable to that of less comprehensive tests, but it offers significantly more information. This cost-effectiveness makes it a preferred choice for organisations that need to conduct large volumes of tests without compromising on the breadth and reliability of the screening.

    Real-Life Examples

    • Workplace Testing: Many large corporations implement 12-panel drug tests as part of their hiring process and random employee screening programs. This helps maintain a safe and productive work environment. For instance, a major transportation company might use the 12-panel test to ensure that drivers are not under the influence of drugs that could impair their ability to operate vehicles safely.
    • Rehabilitation Programs: Clinics and rehabilitation centres use 12-panel drug tests to monitor patients’ adherence to treatment plans. By regularly testing patients, healthcare providers can ensure that they are not relapsing into drug use, which is crucial for successful rehabilitation.
    According to the American Council for Drug Education, approximately 57% of employers conduct drug tests on potential hires, and many of these use comprehensive panels such as the 12-panel drug test. This underscores the widespread adoption and trust in the 12-panel test’s ability to maintain a drug-free workplace.

    Common Uses Of A 12-Panel Drug Test

    1. Workplace Testing
      2. Employers widely use 12-panel drug tests to maintain a safe and productive work environment. Implementing drug testing policies helps reduce workplace accidents, improve employee performance, and ensure compliance with regulations. Companies, particularly in safety-sensitive industries like transportation, construction, and manufacturing, often require pre-employment, random, and post-accident drug testing.Example: A logistics company employs 12-panel drug tests for all drivers before hiring and conducts random tests throughout their employment to ensure they are not under the influence of substances that could impair their ability to drive safely.
    2. Legal and Forensic Applications
      3. In legal and forensic settings, 12-panel drug tests are used to monitor individuals involved in legal proceedings, such as those on probation or parole. Courts may order drug tests to ensure compliance with legal requirements and to protect public safety. These tests are also used in custody disputes to determine if a parent or guardian is using illicit substances.Example: A court may mandate a 12-panel drug test for an individual on probation to verify that they are adhering to the terms of their release and not engaging in drug use.
    3. Medical and Rehabilitation SettingsHealthcare providers use 12-panel drug tests to monitor patients undergoing treatment for substance abuse. These tests help ensure that patients comply with their treatment plans and are not relapsing. They are also used in pain management programs to verify that patients are taking their medications as prescribed and not abusing other substances.Example: A rehabilitation centre routinely uses 12-panel drug tests to monitor patient’s progress and ensure they are staying clean from drugs throughout their treatment program.
    4. Personal Use
      5. Individuals may use at-home 12-panel drug test kits for personal reasons, such as checking for drug use by family members or for self-assessment. These tests provide a convenient way to ensure personal and family safety without the need to visit a clinic or lab.Example: A concerned parent might use a 12-panel drug test kit to check if their teenager has been using any illicit substances.

    Preparing For A 12-Panel Drug Test

    Pre-Test Instructions

    Preparation for a 12-panel drug test is crucial to ensure accurate results. Individuals undergoing the test should follow specific pre-test instructions provided by the testing administrator. These instructions may include:

    • Avoiding Certain Medications: Inform the test administrator about any prescription or over-the-counter medications you are taking. Some medications can cause false positives, so it is essential to disclose this information.
    • Hydration: Stay hydrated, but do not overconsume water, as excessively diluted urine can lead to inconclusive results or be flagged as tampered with.
    • Dietary Considerations: Avoid certain foods and supplements that might interfere with the test results. For example, poppy seeds can cause a positive result for opiates.
    • Timing: Schedule the test for a time when you are less likely to be affected by any substances, including prescribed medications, that could interfere with the results.

    Factors Affecting Test Results

    Several factors can influence the accuracy and reliability of a 12-panel drug test:

    • Metabolism: Individual metabolic rates can affect how quickly drugs are processed and eliminated from the body. Faster metabolisms may result in shorter detection windows.
    • Frequency of Use: Regular or heavy drug use can extend the detection window. For instance, habitual marijuana users may test positive for THC for a more extended period compared to occasional users.
    • Body Fat: Some drugs, such as THC, are stored in fat cells and can be released slowly over time, affecting detection periods.
    • Hydration Levels: As mentioned, overhydration can dilute urine samples, potentially leading to inconclusive results. Conversely, dehydration can concentrate the sample, possibly affecting the accuracy.
    • Type of Specimen: Different specimens (urine, saliva, hair, blood) have varying detection windows and sensitivities. For example, hair tests can detect drug use over several months, while saliva tests are more suited for detecting recent use.
    Talk to sales - AuthBridge

    Limitations and Considerations

    False Positives And Negatives

    Although the 12-panel drug test is highly accurate, there are instances where false positives or negatives can occur.

    • False Positives: These occur when the test indicates the presence of a drug that the individual has not actually taken. Factors contributing to false positives can include:
      • Medications: Certain prescription or over-the-counter medications can cause false positives. For example, some cold medications can result in a positive test for amphetamines.
      • Dietary Substances: Foods like poppy seeds can cause a positive result for opiates.
      • Cross-Reactivity: Substances with similar chemical structures to the target drugs can sometimes be detected incorrectly.
    • False Negatives: These occur when the test fails to detect a drug that the individual has used. Factors contributing to false negatives can include:
      • Timing of the Test: If the drug has already been metabolized and excreted from the body by the time of testing, it may not be detected.
      • Dilution: Excessive fluid intake can dilute the sample, making drug concentrations fall below detectable levels.
      • Sample Tampering: Attempting to alter or adulterate the sample can lead to inaccurate results.

    Detection Windows

    The detection window for each drug varies depending on several factors, including the type of drug, frequency of use, and the specimen being tested. For example:

    • THC (Marijuana): Can be detected in urine for up to 30 days in chronic users, but only a few days in occasional users.
    • Cocaine: Typically detectable in urine for up to 4 days after use.
    • Opiates: Can be detected for 2-3 days in urine.
    • Amphetamines: Usually detectable for 1-3 days after use.

    Hair tests have much longer detection windows, often up to 90 days or more, as they reflect drug use over a longer period. Saliva tests, on the other hand, are best for detecting very recent drug use, typically within the past 24-48 hours.

    Legal and Ethical Issues

    Drug testing, while useful, raises several legal and ethical considerations that must be addressed:

    • Privacy: Individuals have the right to privacy, and drug testing must be conducted in a manner that respects this. Employers and testing agencies must ensure that the testing process is confidential and that results are shared only with authorized personnel.
    • Informed Consent: Individuals should be informed about the purpose of the test, the substances being tested for, and how the results will be used. Obtaining informed consent is a critical ethical requirement.
    • Discrimination: There is a risk of discrimination based on test results, especially if the results are not handled appropriately. Employers must ensure that testing policies are applied uniformly and that results are used in a fair and non-discriminatory manner.
    • Accuracy and Reliability: Given the potential consequences of a positive drug test result, tests must be conducted accurately and reliably. Confirmatory testing should be performed for all positive results to avoid the ramifications of false positives.

    Comparison With Other Drug Tests

    5-Panel vs 12-Panel Drug Test

    The 5-panel drug test screens for five of the most commonly abused drugs, typically:

    1. Marijuana (THC)
    2. Cocaine
    3. Opiates (heroin, morphine, codeine)
    4. Amphetamines
    5. PCP (Phencyclidine)

    Advantages of the 5-Panel Drug Test:

    • Simplicity: It covers the most common drugs, making it straightforward to administer.
    • Cost-Effectiveness: Generally less expensive than more comprehensive tests.
    • Quick Turnaround: Faster results due to fewer substances being tested.

    Disadvantages of the 5-Panel Drug Test:

    • Limited Scope: Only detects the most common substances, missing other potentially abused drugs.
    • Less Comprehensive: Not suitable for settings where a broader drug screening is necessary.

    10-Panel vs 12-Panel Drug Test

    The 10-panel drug test covers more substances than the 5-panel but fewer than the 12-panel, typically including:

    1. Marijuana (THC)
    2. Cocaine
    3. Opiates
    4. Amphetamines
    5. PCP
    6. Barbiturates
    7. Benzodiazepines
    8. Methadone
    9. Propoxyphene
    10. Quaaludes

    Advantages of the 10-Panel Drug Test:

    • Broader Screening: Covers a wider range of substances compared to the 5-panel test.
    • Suitable for More Applications: Better for environments where a wider array of drug use might be expected.

    Disadvantages of the 10-Panel Drug Test:

    • Still Not Comprehensive: Misses some substances that the 12-panel test would detect.
    • Slightly More Expensive: Higher cost than the 5-panel due to the increased number of substances tested.

    Advantages of the 12-Panel Drug Test:

    • Most Comprehensive: Covers a wide range of substances, making it suitable for thorough screening in various settings.
    • Detailed Analysis: Provides a detailed understanding of an individual’s drug use history.

    Disadvantages of the 12-Panel Drug Test:

    • Higher Cost: Generally more expensive than 5-panel and 10-panel tests.
    • Longer Processing Time: Testing for more substances can sometimes take longer.
    12-panel drug test vs 5,10-panel

    Conclusion

    The 12-panel drug test is essential for comprehensive drug screening, offering broad substance coverage, high accuracy, and cost-effectiveness. It’s widely used in workplaces, legal and forensic settings, medical and rehabilitation centres, and for personal use. This versatile test, using urine, saliva, hair, and blood specimens, accurately detects commonly abused substances, ensuring safety and compliance. The dual testing approach—initial immunoassay followed by confirmatory GC-MS—minimizes false positives and negatives. While more costly and time-consuming than 5-panel or 10-panel tests, its extensive screening capabilities make it a worthwhile investment in settings requiring thorough drug testing.

    FAQs Around 12-Panel Drug Tests

    A 12-panel drug test screens for twelve different substances, including amphetamines, barbiturates, benzodiazepines, cocaine, methadone, methamphetamine, MDMA, opiates, oxycodone, PCP, propoxyphene, and marijuana (THC).

    The collection process takes a few minutes, while laboratory analysis can take anywhere from a few hours to several days, depending on the testing method and laboratory.

    It is possible to pass a 12-panel drug test if you have not used any of the substances tested for. However, attempting to cheat the test is unethical and illegal.

    The cost varies depending on the testing method and the provider, but it generally ranges from $30 to $60.

    Detection times vary by substance and specimen type. For example, THC can be detected in urine for up to 30 days, while cocaine is detectable for up to 4 days.

    You can get a 12-panel drug test at many medical clinics, drug testing centres, or order them online for at-home testing.

    The 12-panel drug test is highly accurate when performed correctly, but confirmatory testing is recommended for positive results to rule out false positives.

    Yes, a doctor can order a 12-panel drug test for various reasons, including monitoring patient compliance with prescribed medications.

    Prescription medications such as benzodiazepines, opiates, and certain pain medications can show up on a 12-panel drug test.

    Employers often use the 12-panel drug test during the hiring process or for random testing to ensure a drug-free workplace.

    By Abhinandan, ago
    53rd GST Council Meeting

    53rd GST Council Meeting: All Key Highlights Detailed

    The 53rd GST Council meeting took place on June 22, 2024, in New Delhi. This was the first GST Council meeting after the 2024 Lok Sabha election results, with the 52nd GST Council meeting being held on October 7, 2023. This meeting reflected the Council’s commitment to addressing pressing issues within the GST framework.

    The 53rd GST Council meeting was chaired by the newly re-elected Finance Minister of India, Mrs. Nirmala Sitharaman. Other attendees included Union Minister of State for Finance Shri Pankaj Chaudhary, Chief Ministers of Goa and Meghalaya; Deputy Chief Ministers of Bihar, Haryana, Madhya Pradesh, and Odisha; besides Finance Ministers of States & UTs (with legislature) and senior officers of the Ministry of Finance & States/ UTs. 

    Highlights of 53rd GST Council Meeting

    • Changes in GSTR-1 Filing: Implementation of GSTR-1A for adding or amending particulars within the same tax period before filing GSTR-3B.

    • Reporting B2C Supplies: Threshold for reporting B2C interstate supplies in GSTR-1 reduced from Rs. 2.5 lakh to Rs. 1 lakh.

    • GSTR-4 Due Date Extension: New due date for filing GSTR-4 by composition taxpayers extended to 30th June from FY 2024-25 onwards.

    • TCS Rate Reduction: TCS rate for Electronic Commerce Operators (ECOs) reduced to 0.5% (0.25% under CGST and 0.25% under SGST/UTGST).

    • Mandatory GSTR-7 Filing: Compulsory to file GSTR-7 even if no TDS is deducted, with no late fee for nil filings.

    • GSTR-9/9A Filing Exemption: Annual return in GSTR-9/9A exempted for taxpayers with an annual turnover up to Rs. 2 crore for FY 2023-24.

    • ITC Time Limit Extension: Extended time limit to avail ITC for invoices or debit notes up to 30th November 2021, applicable retrospectively from 1st July 2017.

    • Interest on Delayed Filing: No interest charged on the amount available in the electronic cash ledger on the due date of filing GSTR-3B if debited while filing the return.

    • Waiver of Interest and Penalties: Waived interest and penalties for demand notices issued under Section 73 of CGST for non-fraud cases if paid by 31st March 2025.

    • Changes in Sections 73 and 74:

      • Unified time limit for issuing demand notices and orders for both fraud and non-fraud cases.
      • Increased time limit for paying tax demanded with reduced penalty from 30 to 60 days.

    • Monetary Limits for GST Appeals: Recommended monetary limits: Rs. 20 lakh for GST Appellate Tribunal, Rs. 1 crore for High Court, and Rs. 2 crore for Supreme Court.

    • Pre-Deposit Amounts for Appeals:

      • Maximum pre-deposit for filing appeals reduced to Rs. 20 crore each under CGST and SGST for appellate authorities.
      • Pre-deposit for appeal before GST Appellate Tribunal reduced to 10% with a maximum of Rs. 20 crore each under CGST and SGST.

    • Sunset Clause for Anti-Profiteering Cases: Added sunset clause for anti-profiteering cases, shifting hearing panel to the principal bench of GSTAT, effective from 1st April 2025.

    • Appeal Filing Time Limit: Modified Section 112 to provide a 3-month time limit for filing appeals before the GST Appellate Tribunal, effective from a notified date (expected by 5th August 2024).

    • New Section 11A: Allows regularisation of non-levy or short levy of GST due to common trade practices.

    • IGST Refund for Upward Price Revisions: Mechanism introduced for claiming IGST refunds due to upward price revisions after exports.

    • No IGST Refund on Export Duty: No IGST refund where export duty is payable, applicable for exports and SEZ supplies.

    • Biometric-Based Aadhaar Authentication: Rollout of biometric-based Aadhaar authentication for GST registration on an all-India basis in phases.

    • Adjustment Mechanism for DRC-03: Circular to prescribe mechanism for adjusting demand amount paid through DRC-03 against pre-deposit for filing GST appeals.

    • Amendment to Section 122(1B): Clarified that penal provision under Section 122(1B) applies only to e-commerce operators required to collect TCS under Section 52, effective retrospectively from 1st October 2023.

    Key Recommendations From The 53rd GST Council Meeting

    The GST Council made several important recommendations related to changes in GST tax rates, trade facilitation, and compliance streamlining. 

    53rd GST Council Meeting June 2024

    Changes In GST Tax Rates

    GST Rates on Goods

    The Council recommended the following changes in GST rates for goods:

    Item

    Previous GST Rate

    Revised GST Rate

    Remarks

    Aircraft parts and components

    Variable

    5%

    Uniform rate for parts, components, testing equipment, tools, tool-kits

    Milk cans (steel, iron, aluminium)

    Variable

    12%

    This applies to all types

    Cartons, boxes, and cases (paper board)

    18%

    12%

    HS codes 4819 10 and 4819 20

    Solar cookers

    Variable

    12%

    Includes single or dual energy sources

    Poultry-keeping machinery parts

    12%

    12%

    Clarification and regularization

    Sprinklers, including fire water

    12%

    12%

    Clarification and regularization

    Defence forces equipment

    Variable

    Exempt

    IGST exemption extended for 5 years till June 30, 2029

    RAMA research equipment

    Variable

    Exempt

    Subject to specified conditions

    Compensation Cess for SEZ imports

    Variable

    Exempt

    Effective from July 1, 2017

    Aerated beverages (Defence supply)

    Variable

    Exempt

    Supply by Unit Run Canteens under the Ministry of Defence

    Technical documentation for AK-203 kits

    Variable

    Adhoc IGST

    For Indian Defence forces

     

    GST Rates On Services

    The Council recommended the following exemptions for services:

    Service Description

    Previous GST Rate

    Revised GST Rate

    Remarks

    Indian Railways services to the public

    Variable

    Exempt

    Includes platform tickets, retiring rooms, waiting rooms, cloakroom services, battery-operated car services

    Special Purpose Vehicles (SPV) services to Indian Railways

    Variable

    Exempt

    Infrastructure use and maintenance services supplied by Indian Railways

    Accommodation services (up to ₹20,000 per month)

    Variable

    Exempt

    A minimum continuous period of 90 days required

    Co-insurance premium apportionment

    Variable

    No Supply

    Regularization of past practices

    Ceding/re-insurance commission transactions

    Variable

    No Supply

    Regularization of past practices

    Reinsurance services for specific insurance schemes

    Variable

    No Supply

    Regularization for services covered under notification No. 12/2017-CT

    Retrocession (re-insurance of re-insurance)

    Variable

    Exempt

    Clarification provided

    RERA statutory collections

    Variable

    Exempt

    Clarification provided

    Incentive sharing for RuPay/BHIM-UPI transactions

    Variable

    Not Taxable

    Clarification provided

    Measures For Facilitation Of Trade

    The GST Council recommended several measures to facilitate trade and ease compliance burdens:

    1. Conditional Waiver of Interest and Penalties:
      • For demands under Section 73 for FY 2017-18 to 2019-20, if the full tax is paid by March 31, 2025.
    2. Monetary Limits for Appeals:
      • Setting limits to reduce litigation:
        • GST Appellate Tribunal: ₹20 lakhs
        • High Court: ₹1 crore
        • Supreme Court: ₹2 crores
    3. Reduction in Pre-Deposit for Appeals:
      • Lowering the pre-deposit amounts required for filing appeals to ease cash flow.
    4. GST on Extra Neutral Alcohol (ENA):
      • Excluding rectified spirit/ENA from GST when used for alcoholic liquor production.
    5. Reduction in TCS Rate for ECOs:
      • Reducing TCS rate from 1% to 0.5% to ease the financial burden on suppliers.
    6. Extended Filing Time for Appeals:
      • Amending Section 112 to start the three-month appeal period from a government-notified date.
    7. Relaxation of Section 16(4) Conditions:
      • Extending input tax credit time limits and providing conditional relaxations for returns post revocation.

    Compliance and Clarifications

    Measure Description

    Details

    Change in due date for composition taxpayers

    Extending due date for filing FORM GSTR-4 from April 30 to June 30, effective from FY 2024-25

    Interest Calculation Adjustment

    Amending Rule 88B to exclude amounts in Electronic Cash Ledger on the due date from interest calculation for delayed returns

    Section 11A Insertion for Duty Regularization

    Empowering the government to regularize non-levy or short levy of GST due to common trade practices

    Refund Mechanism for Additional IGST

    Prescribing a mechanism for claiming refunds on additional IGST paid due to price revisions post-export

    Valuation of Import Services by Related Persons

    Clarifying valuation rules for services provided by foreign affiliates where full input tax credit is available

    Other Important Recommendations

    1. Biometric-Based Aadhaar Authentication:
      • Rolling out biometric-based Aadhaar authentication for registration applicants nationwide.
    2. Unified Time Limit for Demand Notices:
      • Providing a common time limit for issuing demand notices and orders irrespective of fraud involvement.
    3. Sunset Clause for Anti-Profiteering:
      • Implementing a sunset clause from April 1, 2025, for anti-profiteering applications.
    4. Export Duty and IGST Refund Restriction:
      • Amending laws to restrict refunds for goods subject to export duty.
    5. Threshold for B2C Inter-State Supplies:
      • Reducing the reporting threshold from ₹2.5 lakh to ₹1 lakh.
    6. Nil Return Filing for TDS under FORM GSTR-7:
      • Mandating monthly filing of FORM GSTR-7 with no late fee for Nil returns.

    Summary Of The Recommendations From The 53rd GST Council Meeting

    The GST Council has recommended significant changes to ease compliance and reduce litigation. Key decisions include waiving interest and penalties for demand notices under Section 73 for FY 2017-18 to 2019-20, if the full tax is paid by March 31, 2025. The Council has extended the time limit for availing input tax credit for invoices under Section 16(4) to November 30, 2021, for the fiscal years 2017-18 to 2020-21. Additionally, monetary limits for departmental appeals have been set at ₹20 lakh for the GST Appellate Tribunal, ₹1 crore for the High Court, and ₹2 crore for the Supreme Court. To reduce the burden on taxpayers, the required pre-deposit for filing appeals has been reduced, and interest will not be levied on amounts available in the Electronic Cash Ledger on the due date of filing returns.

    Further recommendations include the implementation of a sunset clause from April 1, 2025, for anti-profiteering applications and the exemption of Compensation Cess for SEZ imports from July 1, 2017. The Council has set a uniform 12% GST rate for various items such as milk cans, paper cartons, solar cookers, and sprinklers. Certain services provided by Indian Railways and specific accommodation services have been exempted from GST. Additionally, the Council has recommended the phased rollout of biometric-based Aadhaar authentication for registration applicants across India to strengthen the registration process and prevent fraudulent claims.

    53rd GST Council Meeting Explainer Video

    FAQs on GST Council

    The latest GST Council meeting is the 53rd GST Council meeting held on June 22, 2024.

    The 53rd GST Council meeting agendas were related to recommendations relating to changes in GST tax rates, measures for facilitation of trade and measures for streamlining compliances in GST.

    The Finance Minister of India, Mrs. Nirmala Sitharaman is the head of the GST Council meeting.

    There are 33 members in the GST council.

    The 53rd GST council meetings was lead by Union Finance Minister Mrs. Nirmala Sitharaman.

    The Union Finance Minister of India, Mrs. Nirmala Sitharaman is the chairman of the GST Council.

    By Abhinandan, ago
    Best BGV Companies 2024

    7 Best Background Verification Companies In India 2024

    Background verification (BGV) is a critical process in the hiring strategy of any organisation. It ensures that potential employees have a clean record and the qualifications they claim, thus reducing the risk of fraud, theft, and other malpractices. This is particularly crucial in sectors like IT, finance/BFSI (Banking, Financial Services, and Insurance), and healthcare, where employees have access to sensitive information and resources. For example, the use of background verification services has helped numerous companies prevent financial losses and maintain a safe work environment.

    Top 7 Background Verification (BGV) Companies In India 2024

    India is home to several top-notch background verification companies that offer comprehensive and reliable services. These firms cater to various sectors, including IT, BFSI, healthcare, and manufacturing. They employ advanced technologies such as AI, machine learning, and OCR to ensure the accuracy and efficiency of their verification processes. Read this blog further to explore the top seven background verification companies in India.

    1. AuthBridge

    Based out of Gurugram, India and founded in 2005, AuthBridge offers a comprehensive range of background verification services tailored to meet the diverse needs of various industries. Our services are designed to ensure accuracy, efficiency, and compliance, making them a trusted partner for businesses across sectors. Our key services include:

    • Criminal Record Checks: Our proprietary database, Vault, contains over 200 million records from 3500+ courts. This extensive database allows for thorough criminal background checks, identifying any legal issues associated with a candidate. The process involves using AI and deep search algorithms to match names and addresses against criminal records, ensuring a high level of accuracy.
    • Employment Verification: This service verifies a candidate’s employment history, including tenure, designation, and reasons for leaving. AuthBridge contacts previous employers and cross-references information provided by the candidate. This service helps ensure the accuracy of employment records, reducing the risk of hiring candidates with falsified work histories.
    • Education Verification: AuthBridge verifies educational qualifications by securely retrieving verified degrees, marksheets, and certificates from DigiLocker. This ensures the authenticity of academic credentials. The process includes contacting educational institutions and using digital verification methods to validate the information provided by the candidate.
    • Address Verification: This service confirms the residential address of candidates through geotagging and GPS triangulation, offering an innovative approach to verifying addresses quickly and accurately. This method not only ensures high precision but also contributes to a faster verification process.
    • Social Media Screening: Utilising a combination of AI, emotional intelligence, and manual verification, AuthBridge scans candidates’ social media profiles to assess their online behaviour. This screening identifies any red flags such as inappropriate content, drug and alcohol use, and discriminatory comments, providing a comprehensive risk assessment.

    Technological Innovations

    AuthBridge leverages advanced technologies to enhance the efficiency and accuracy of its verification processes:

    • AI and Machine Learning: These technologies are integrated into AuthBridge’s verification processes to quickly analyse large volumes of data and identify discrepancies. AI algorithms help in matching data points accurately, while machine learning models continuously improve the accuracy of these checks.
    • iBRIDGE: This web platform allows for end-to-end automation of the employee onboarding journey. iBRIDGE supports personal, educational, and professional checks, integrating seamlessly with existing HRMS or onboarding tools. The platform’s plug-in and plug-out features enable customisation based on industry standards and specific client needs.
    • TruthScreen: An AI-enabled KYC and risk profiling product, TruthScreen provides real-time verification for customers, employees, and business partners. It uses OCR, facial recognition, and liveness detection to validate identity at scale. This tool automates verification and KYC processes, reducing the burden of excessive form-filling and physical documentation.
    • OnboardX: A digital onboarding platform for third-party verification, OnboardX ensures comprehensive due diligence for vendors, suppliers, and other business partners. It covers pre-onboarding, onboarding, and post-onboarding processes, providing a smooth and secure verification journey.

    Industry Expertise

    With over 18 years of experience, AuthBridge is trusted by over 2,000 companies across 140+ countries. Our expertise spans multiple sectors, including BFSI, IT, healthcare, education, and FMCG. We conduct over 15 million verifications each month, maintaining a near 100% accuracy rate and up to 80% faster turnaround times compared to industry standards. AuthBridge’s extensive experience and robust verification processes make us a leader in the background verification industry. Our database-driven checks yield results instantly, allowing businesses to conduct thousands of verifications in minutes.

    Service Breakdown Table:

    Service Type

    Description

    Criminal Record Checks

    Extensive checks using Vault for criminal background verification

    Employment Verification

    Confirming past employment details and contacting previous employers

    Education Verification

    Validating academic credentials through DigiLocker and direct institution contacts

    Address Verification

    Verifying residential addresses through Geotagging and GPS triangulation

    Social Media Screening

    Assessing online behaviour using AI and emotional intelligence

    Drug Testing

    Comprehensive substance tests in accredited laboratories

    Our commitment to quality, accuracy, and speed, combined with innovative technological solutions, makes for a preferred partner for businesses looking to enhance their hiring processes and ensure compliance with regulatory standards.

    Digilocker verification

    2. FactSuite

    FactSuite, founded in 2017 and based in Bengaluru, India, is known for its comprehensive background verification services. Utilising advanced technology, they offer low insufficiency rates, making them a preferred choice for businesses aiming to ensure safe and efficient hiring processes. Their solutions include real-time ID checks, employment verification, and address verification, among others.

    3. First Advantage

    First Advantage or FADV, established in 2003, is another global major in background verification, with a significant presence in India. Their India operations are based in Bengaluru. The company is known for its extensive range of verification services, including criminal checks, employment verification, and education verification, which help organisations mitigate risks and make informed hiring decisions. First Advantage’s innovative solutions and commitment to compliance ensure reliability and accuracy in their background screening processes.

    4. HireRight

    HireRight, a global background screening provider with offices in various locations, including India, is known for its comprehensive and customisable background verification solutions. Founded in 1995, HireRight leverages its extensive experience and technology to offer services such as criminal record checks, employment verification, and education verification. Their user-friendly platform and global reach make them a trusted partner for businesses of all sizes seeking thorough and compliant background checks.

    5. SpringVerify

    SpringVerify, part of the Springworks family, is based in Bengaluru, India. This company offers efficient and technology-driven background verification services, including identity verification, employment checks, and criminal record screenings. Since its inception, SpringVerify has focused on providing fast and accurate verification processes through a seamless digital platform, helping businesses streamline their hiring and onboarding processes.

    6. Quinfy

    Quinfy, headquartered in Gurugram, India, is known for its innovative and automated background verification solutions. Founded to address the needs of modern businesses, Quinfy offers a range of services including criminal record checks, employment history verification, and address checks. Their platform emphasizes speed, accuracy, and user experience, ensuring that organisations can confidently hire and onboard new employees.

    7. KPMG India

    KPMG India, a leading professional services firm, offers robust background verification services as part of its comprehensive suite of risk and compliance solutions. Founded in 1993, KPMG India operates from multiple locations across the country, including major cities like Mumbai, Delhi, and Bengaluru. Their background verification services leverage KPMG’s extensive industry expertise and global standards to provide reliable and thorough checks, helping clients mitigate risks associated with hiring and employment.

    Conclusion

    India’s top background verification companies each bring a unique blend of technology, expertise, and services tailored to meet the diverse needs of businesses. These companies collectively represent the best in the industry, offering businesses in India reliable and efficient background verification solutions. Their continued innovation and commitment to accuracy and compliance play a crucial role in helping organizations make informed hiring decisions, ensuring workplace safety and integrity. As businesses continue to evolve, these background verification companies will remain essential partners in maintaining the highest standards of workforce integrity and reliability.

    Talk to sales - AuthBridge

    FAQs around Top BGV Companies in India

    Background verification companies in India typically offer:

    • Identity Verification: Confirming identity using Aadhaar, PAN, passport, etc.
    • Employment Verification: Checking past employment details and roles.
    • Education Verification: Verifying degrees and certificates from educational institutions.
    • Criminal Record Checks: Screening for any criminal history through various databases.
    • Address Verification: Confirming current and past addresses.
    • Reference Checks: Contacting references to validate a candidate’s professional and personal background.
    • Drug Testing: Checking for substance abuse.
    • Credit History Checks: Assessing financial history and creditworthiness.

    Businesses should conduct background checks to:

    • Ensure Workplace Safety: By identifying any potential threats or criminal backgrounds.
    • Verify Credentials: Ensuring all information provided by the candidate is accurate.
    • Reduce Risk: Mitigating risks of hiring fraudulent or unqualified individuals.
    • Compliance: Meeting industry regulations and legal requirements.
    • Protect Company Reputation: Avoiding the hiring of individuals who may harm the company’s reputation.

    The time frame for background checks varies:

    • Basic Checks: Can be completed in a few hours to a day.
    • Comprehensive Checks: May take several days to weeks, depending on the complexity and responsiveness of institutions.

    Common challenges include:

    • Access to Accurate Data: Difficulty in accessing updated and accurate records.
    • Regulatory Compliance: Navigating various legal and regulatory frameworks.
    • Technological Integration: Ensuring the use of advanced technology for efficient verification.
    • Scalability: Managing high volumes of verification requests during peak hiring periods.

    When selecting a provider, businesses should consider:

    • Reputation and Track Record: Reliability and client reviews.
    • Range of Services: Comprehensive checks offered.
    • Technological Capabilities: Use of advanced tools and platforms.
    • Compliance: Adherence to data protection laws.
    • Cost: Cost-effectiveness of services provided.

    Outsourcing to third-party verification companies offers:

    • Expertise and Specialization: Access to specialized tools and expertise.
    • Efficiency: Faster and more accurate verification processes.
    • Compliance: Ensures adherence to legal and regulatory standards.
    • Scalability: Ability to handle large volumes of checks efficiently.
    • Cost Savings: Reduces the need for extensive in-house resources.
    By Abhinandan, ago
    10th,12th marksheet verification

    Need For 10th, 12th Marksheet Verification In India For Employers

    Importance of Marksheet Verification

    Marksheet verification is crucial for maintaining the integrity of educational qualifications in India. With the rise in counterfeit documents, this process ensures that the academic credentials presented by individuals are genuine and reflect their true educational achievements. This verification is vital for employers, educational institutions, and regulatory bodies to prevent fraud and uphold BGV standards.

    In recent years, numerous high-profile cases of fake degrees have emerged, highlighting the critical need for stringent verification processes. For instance, a university in India was found to have sold over 36,000 fake degrees, severely undermining the trust in the education system. Such incidents necessitate robust verification procedures to safeguard the value of legitimate qualifications and protect the reputation of educational institutions.

    Overview of Common Issues With Fake Degrees

    Fake degrees and marksheets are a significant problem in India, with many individuals obtaining counterfeit documents to secure jobs, promotions, or admissions to higher education programs. These fraudulent activities have several detrimental effects:

    • Undermining Educational Standards: The widespread availability of fake degrees devalues the efforts of legitimate students and diminishes the overall quality of education.
    • Employment Fraud: Employers may unknowingly hire unqualified individuals based on fake credentials, leading to potential risks in workplace performance and safety.
    • Legal Repercussions: The use of fake degrees is illegal and can result in severe legal consequences for both the individuals presenting them and the institutions issuing them.

    Real-Life Marksheet Discrepancy Examples:

    1. Gujarat Sting Operation: In Gujarat, a sting operation led to the arrest of two individuals involved in producing fake marksheets. These counterfeit documents were sold for as little as Rs 1500 and used to secure jobs, deceiving employers who relied on their authenticity (India Today).
    2. Mumbai Fake Marksheet Scam: In Mumbai, four individuals were arrested for selling fake class 10th and 12th marksheets. These documents were used by more than 50 students to gain employment, highlighting the extensive impact of such frauds (India TV News).

    The Process of Marksheet Verification

    Initial Document Collection

    The marksheet verification process begins with collecting necessary documents from the individual. These documents typically include:

    • Original Marksheet: The primary document lists the courses taken and grades achieved.
    • Degree Certificate: The official document certifying the completion of a degree program.
    • Transcripts: Detailed records of academic performance across semesters or years.
    • Other Relevant Academic Records: Additional documents such as certificates for specific courses or extracurricular achievements.

    Clear and legible copies of these documents are essential to facilitate accurate verification. Notarised copies may sometimes be required to ensure the documents’ authenticity.

    Cross-verification With Issuing Institutions

    After collecting the documents, the next step is to cross-verify them with the issuing institutions. This involves contacting the educational institutions directly to confirm the authenticity of the marksheet and degree. The process may vary depending on the institution’s verification procedures.

    Example: For CBSE (Central Board of Secondary Education) marksheets, verification can be done through their official website or by contacting the board directly. Similarly, institutions like the University of Delhi have specific departments that handle verification requests.

    Steps Involved:

    1. Submission of Documents: The documents are submitted to the institution’s verification department.
    2. Verification Request: A formal verification request is made to the institution.
    3. Institutional Response: The institution checks its records and confirms the document’s authenticity.
    4. Verification Report: A report is generated detailing the verification results.

    Use Of Digital Verification Tools

    Digital verification tools have revolutionised the marksheet verification process, making it more efficient and reliable. These tools leverage advanced technologies such as blockchain, artificial intelligence (AI), and machine learning to verify academic records.

    Benefits Of Digital Verification Tools:

    • Speed: Digital tools can quickly cross-reference large databases of educational records, significantly reducing verification time.
    • Accuracy: Advanced algorithms help detect discrepancies and potential forgeries with high precision.
    • Convenience: Online platforms enable remote verification, eliminating the need for physical document submission.

    Example of a Digital Verification Tool: The National Academic Depository (NAD) in India is a digital database where academic institutions upload verified certificates and degrees. Individuals and employers can access this database to verify academic credentials. NAD ensures a secure and tamper-proof process, enhancing the reliability of the verification.

    Detailed Steps in Digital Verification:

    1. Document Upload: Institutions upload verified academic documents to the digital repository.
    2. Access Request: Verification requests are made through the digital platform.
    3. Automated Cross-Referencing: The platform uses AI to cross-reference the submitted documents with the database.
    4. Verification Report: A digital verification report is generated and provided to the requester.

    Challenges in Marksheet Verification

    Identifying Sophisticated Forgeries

    One of the significant challenges in marksheet verification is identifying sophisticated forgeries. Fraudsters have become increasingly skilled at creating fake degrees that closely resemble genuine ones, making it difficult to detect discrepancies.

    Example: In a notable incident, a university’s administration was found to have sold thousands of fake degrees. The forgeries were so well-crafted that they passed initial scrutiny, highlighting the need for advanced verification techniques and tools.

    Techniques for Identifying Forgeries:

    • Micro-Printing: Genuine documents often use micro-printing that is difficult to replicate.
    • Watermarks and Holograms: These security features are used in legitimate certificates to prevent counterfeiting.
    • Digital Signatures: Increasingly, digital signatures are being used to authenticate documents and ensure their integrity.

    Variations in Institutional Verification Processes

    Different educational institutions have varying processes for verifying academic records. Some institutions have robust verification procedures, while others may lack the resources or infrastructure to provide timely and accurate verification. This inconsistency can complicate the verification process and lead to delays.

    Example: While institutions like the Indian Institutes of Technology (IITs) have efficient verification systems, smaller or less well-known institutions may take longer to respond to verification requests. This can create bottlenecks and delays in the verification process.

    Legal and Privacy Concerns

    Marksheet verification often involves handling sensitive personal information, which must be protected by privacy laws and regulations. organisations must ensure that their verification processes comply with legal requirements to avoid potential legal issues.

    Example: The General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) in the European Union sets strict guidelines for handling personal data, which includes academic records. organisations involved in marksheet verification must adhere to these guidelines to ensure data privacy and security.

    Privacy Protection Measures:

    1. Data Encryption: Ensuring that all data transmitted during the verification process is encrypted.
    2. Access Controls: Restricting access to sensitive information to authorised personnel only.
    3. Audit Trails: Maintaining detailed logs of all verification activities to ensure accountability and transparency.

    Benefits of Marksheet Verification

    • Ensuring Authentic Qualifications

    Marksheet verification is vital for confirming that individuals possess authentic qualifications. This process ensures that academic records accurately represent the educational achievements of individuals. By verifying marksheets, educational institutions and employers can maintain the integrity of academic standards and trust in the qualifications they award and rely upon.

    Example: A significant number of job applications are found to have discrepancies in the educational qualifications claimed by applicants. According to a report by the National Skill Development Corporation (NSDC), around 15% of job applicants present fraudulent qualifications. Through rigorous verification, institutions can ensure that only genuinely qualified individuals are recognised and rewarded.

    • Enhancing Employer Confidence

    Marksheet verification enhances employer confidence by ensuring that job candidates have the qualifications they claim to possess. This process helps employers make informed hiring decisions, reducing the risk of employing unqualified individuals.

    Example: In a survey conducted by the Federation of Indian Chambers of Commerce & Industry (FICCI), 68% of employers indicated that verification of academic qualifications is crucial in their hiring process. By verifying marksheets, employers can trust that the candidates they hire meet the necessary educational standards, enhancing workplace productivity and safety.

    • Preventing Employment Fraud

    Verification of academic records is a key measure in preventing employment fraud. It helps in identifying individuals who attempt to use fake qualifications to secure employment, thus protecting organisations from the potential risks associated with hiring unqualified staff.

    Example: A prominent case involved a government teacher in India who was found to have secured her job using a fake marksheet. The discovery led to her dismissal and legal action to recover the salary paid over 26 years. Such incidents underscore the importance of thorough verification processes to prevent similar frauds.

    Case Studies of Fake Degrees

    High-Profile Incidents of Fake Degrees

    Several high-profile incidents have brought the issue of fake degrees to the forefront. These cases highlight the sophisticated methods fraudsters use to produce counterfeit documents and the significant impact these fraudulent activities can have.

    Example 1: Gujarat Fake Marksheet Scam In Gujarat, a sting operation led to the arrest of two individuals involved in producing fake marksheets. These counterfeit documents were sold for Rs 1500 each and were used by over 50 students to gain employment. The operation uncovered high-quality fake marksheets that were nearly indistinguishable from genuine ones.

    Example 2: Mumbai Fake Marksheet Ring In Mumbai, a gang was busted for selling fake class 10th and 12th marksheets. The fraudulent documents were used by numerous individuals to secure jobs, highlighting the widespread nature of the problem.

    Impact on Institutions and Employers

    The existence of fake degrees not only undermines the reputation of educational institutions but also poses significant risks to employers. Institutions must work diligently to protect their credibility, while employers must implement stringent verification processes to safeguard their interests.

    Impact on Institutions: Educational institutions risk their reputation when fake degrees are associated with them. This can lead to a loss of trust among prospective students and stakeholders. Institutions must adopt robust verification measures to protect their credibility and ensure the integrity of their qualifications.

    Impact on Employers: Employers face substantial risks when hiring individuals with fake qualifications. This can lead to reduced productivity, increased safety risks, and potential legal liabilities. Implementing thorough verification processes helps mitigate these risks and ensures that only qualified candidates are employed.

    CBSE Marksheet – Process

    The Central Board of Secondary Education (CBSE) is a national-level board of education in India for public and private schools, controlled and managed by the Government of India.

    Process to Obtain a CBSE Marksheet

    1. Registration:
      • Students are registered for CBSE board examinations through their respective schools. Registration usually takes place in the 9th grade for the 10th board exams and in the 11th grade for the 12th board exams.
    2. Examinations:
      • CBSE conducts the 10th and 12th board exams annually, typically in February-March. Practical examinations for certain subjects follow the written exams.
    3. Results:
      • Results are generally declared in May or June and can be accessed online on the CBSE Results website by entering the roll number, school number, and centre number.
    4. Marksheet Distribution:
      • Physical marksheets are distributed to students through their respective schools a few weeks after the results are declared. Digital marksheets can also be downloaded from the DigiLocker app, linked to the student’s Aadhar number.

    Verification Process

    To verify a CBSE marksheet:

    • Visit the CBSE official website or the DigiLocker platform.
    • Enter the required details such as the roll number and date of birth.
    • Digital marksheets can be verified for authenticity on DigiLocker.

    ICSE Marksheet – Process

    Overview

    The Indian Certificate of Secondary Education (ICSE) is an examination conducted by the Council for the Indian School Certificate Examinations (CISCE) for Grade 10.

    Process to Obtain an ICSE Marksheet

    1. Registration:
      • Students are registered for ICSE board examinations through their respective schools. This typically happens when students are in the 9th grade.
    2. Examinations:
      • The ICSE board exams are conducted annually in February-March.
    3. Results:
      • Results are generally declared in May and can be accessed online on the CISCE Results website by entering the unique ID and other required details.
    4. Marksheet Distribution:
      • Physical marksheets are distributed through the schools a few weeks after the results are declared. Digital marksheets are also available through the CISCE website and the DigiLocker app.

    Verification Process

    To verify an ICSE marksheet:

    • Visit the CISCE official website.
    • Use the verification link provided and enter the required details for authentication.

      10th Marksheet

      Importance

      The 10th marksheet is a critical document in the Indian education system, serving as a record of a student’s performance in the secondary school examination. It is often required for higher education admissions and various official purposes.

      Process to Obtain a 10th Marksheet

      The process varies slightly depending on the board (CBSE, ICSE, State Boards), but generally follows these steps:

      1. Registration through the school.
      2. Participation in exams conducted by the respective board.
      3. Result declaration on the official board website.
      4. Distribution of marksheets through the school or digitally via platforms like DigiLocker.

      Verification Process

      Verification processes are board-specific but generally involve accessing the board’s official website or using third-party platforms like DigiLocker.

      12th Marksheet

      Importance

      The 12th marksheet is an essential document for students, often required for higher education admissions, job applications, and other official purposes.

      Process to Obtain a 12th Marksheet

      Similar to the 10th mark sheet, the process involves:

      1. Registration through the school.
      2. Participation in exams conducted by the respective board.
      3. Result declaration on the official board website.
      4. Distribution of marksheets through the school or digitally via platforms like DigiLocker.

      Verification Process

      Verification can be done through the official websites of the respective boards or platforms like DigiLocker.

      State Board Marksheet

      Each state in India has its education board responsible for conducting 10th and 12th board examinations. Examples include the Uttar Pradesh Board, Maharashtra State Board, Tamil Nadu State Board, and West Bengal State Board.

      Process to Obtain a State Board Marksheet

      1. Registration:
        • Students are registered for state board examinations through their respective schools.
      2. Examinations:
        • State board exams are typically conducted in March-April.
      3. Results:
        • Results are usually declared a couple of months after the exams and can be accessed on the respective state board’s official website.
      4. Marksheet Distribution:
        • Physical mark sheets are distributed through schools. Many state boards also offer digital marksheets via platforms like DigiLocker or the state board’s official website.

      Verification Process

      To verify a state board marksheet:

      • Visit the respective state board’s official website.
      • Enter the required details such as the roll number and date of birth.
      • Use any provided verification links or platforms for authentication.

      Best Practices For Employers

      Implementing Robust Verification Policies

      Employers should establish comprehensive verification policies to ensure the authenticity of academic qualifications presented by job candidates. These policies should outline the procedures for verifying mark sheets and the roles and responsibilities of those involved in the process.

      Steps to Implement Verification Policies:

      1. Define Verification Criteria: Establish the criteria for verifying academic qualifications, including acceptable documentation and sources of verification.
      2. Develop Verification Procedures: Outline the steps to be followed in the verification process, including document collection, cross-verification, and reporting.
      3. Assign Responsibilities: Clearly define the roles and responsibilities of HR teams and other personnel involved in the verification process.
      4. Use Trusted Verification Services: Partner with professional verification services to conduct thorough checks and ensure accuracy.

      Training HR Teams On Verification Procedures

      HR teams play a crucial role in the verification process. Providing them with proper training ensures that they are well-equipped to handle verification tasks effectively and efficiently.

      Training Components:

      • Verification Techniques: Educate HR teams on various verification techniques, including manual checks and the use of digital tools.
      • Fraud Detection: Train HR personnel to identify potential red flags and signs of fraudulent documents.
      • Legal Compliance: Ensure that HR teams are aware of legal and privacy requirements related to marksheet verification.

      Partnering With Professional Verification Services

      Partnering with professional verification services can enhance the accuracy and efficiency of the verification process. These services have the expertise and resources to conduct thorough checks and provide reliable verification results.

      Benefits of Professional Verification Services:

      • Expertise: Professional services have specialised knowledge and experience in verification processes.
      • Efficiency: Outsourcing verification tasks can save time and resources for employers.
      • Reliability: Professional services use advanced tools and techniques to ensure accurate and reliable verification results.

      AI And Machine Learning In Verification

      Artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning are increasingly being used to enhance marksheet verification processes. These technologies can analyse large volumes of data quickly and accurately, identifying discrepancies and potential forgeries.

      Applications Of AI And Machine Learning:

      • Automated Verification: AI can automate the verification process, reducing the need for manual checks.
      • Fraud Detection: Machine learning algorithms can detect patterns and anomalies that may indicate fraudulent activity.

      Continuous Improvement
       AI systems can continuously learn and improve, enhancing their accuracy and reliability.

      Talk to sales - AuthBridge

      10th, 12th Marksheet Verification With AuthBridge

      Verifying marksheets for a single candidate is quite easy. But, what happens when you have to verify the marksheets of tens of thousands of candidates? Stay protected from hiring risks with fake education verification documents, ensuring skilled and genuine employees with AuthBridge’s education verification checks. Elevate your hiring decisions with ease and confidence for top-quality talent acquisition

      How AuthBridge Conducts Education Verification

      AuthBridge has 3 ways of conducting education verification:

      1. Instant checks using Digilocker
      2. Checks using our proprietary database of over a Billion records
      3. Physical verification

      Here is a step-by-step guide for the same:

      1. Data Collection: AuthBridge collects the candidate’s academic information, including institution names, degrees earned, and dates of attendance.
      2. Consent and Authorization: The candidate’s consent is obtained to proceed with the verification process.
      3. Verification Request: AuthBridge contacts the respective educational institutions to verify the provided information.
      4. Cross-Verification: The details are cross-verified with multiple sources, including digital records and databases, to ensure accuracy.
      5. Report Generation: A comprehensive report is generated, detailing the verified academic credentials and any discrepancies found.

      What’s more? AuthBridge seamlessly integrates with most of the existing systems, hence saving you precious time and reducing your overall TAT for candidate BGV checks.

      Types Of Education Verification Checks

      Degree Verification

      • Description: Confirms the degree obtained by the candidate from the stated institution.
      • Importance: Ensures the candidate possesses the required educational qualifications.

      Certificate Verification

      • Description: Verifies certifications and short-term courses completed by the candidate.
      • Importance: Validates additional skills and specializations claimed by the candidate.

      Enrollment Verification

      • Description: Confirms the periods during which the candidate was enrolled at the educational institution.
      • Importance: Verifies the consistency of the candidate’s academic timeline.

      International Education Verification

      • Description: Verifies educational qualifications obtained from institutions outside the candidate’s home country.
      • Importance: Ensures the authenticity of international qualifications.

      Benefits of Using AuthBridge For Education Verification

      • Accuracy and Reliability: AuthBridge employs advanced verification techniques and a vast network of educational institutions to ensure accurate results.
      • Quick Turnaround Time: The streamlined verification process ensures timely completion, aiding swift decision-making.
      • Comprehensive Reports: Detailed reports provide clear insights into the candidate’s educational background.

      Compliance: AuthBridge’s verification services adhere to industry standards and regulations, ensuring compliance.

      Conclusion

      Marksheet verification is essential for maintaining the integrity of educational qualifications and preventing fraud. The process involves collecting and verifying academic documents, using digital tools to enhance accuracy and efficiency, and addressing challenges such as sophisticated forgeries and legal concerns. By implementing robust verification policies and leveraging technological advancements, institutions and employers can ensure the authenticity of academic records and protect their interests.

      FAQs On Marksheet Verification

      What is marksheet verification?

      Marksheet verification is the process of confirming the authenticity of academic records, such as marksheets and degree certificates. This involves cross-checking the information provided by an individual with the issuing educational institution to ensure that the qualifications are legitimate.

      How to verify marksheet online in India?

      To verify a marksheet online in India, you can follow these steps:

      1. Visit the official website of the educational board or institution (e.g., CBSE, University of Delhi).
      2. Locate the verification section on the website.
      3. Enter the required details such as roll number, year of passing, and other relevant information.
      4. Submit the verification request and wait for the confirmation.

      Some institutions may also provide digital verification platforms, like the National Academic Depository (NAD), where verified academic records can be accessed online.

      What is the marksheet verification process in India?

      The marksheet verification process in India generally involves:

      1. Document Collection: Gathering necessary academic documents from the individual.
      2. Cross-Verification: Contacting the issuing institution to verify the authenticity of the documents.
      3. Digital Verification Tools: Using online platforms and technologies to streamline the verification process.
      4. Reporting: Generating a verification report detailing the results of the verification.

      What documents are required for marksheet verification in India?

      The documents typically required for marksheet verification in India include:

      • Original marksheet
      • Degree certificate
      • Transcripts
      • Any other relevant academic records

      Notarized copies may also be required in some cases to ensure authenticity.

      How long does marksheet verification take in India?

      The duration of the marksheet verification process can vary depending on the institution and the verification method used. Manual verification through the issuing institution may take a few weeks, while digital verification tools can significantly reduce the time, often providing results within a few days.

        How to verify university marksheet online in India?

        To verify a university marksheet online in India:

        1. Visit the university’s official website and locate the verification section.
        2. Provide the required details such as registration number, year of passing, etc.
        3. Submit the verification request and follow the instructions provided by the university.

        How to verify school marksheet online in India?

        To verify a school marksheet online in India:

        1. Visit the official website of the educational board (e.g., CBSE).
        2. Find the verification section and enter the necessary details such as roll number and year of passing.
        3. Submit the request for verification and wait for the confirmation.

        How can I track marksheet verification status in India?

        To track the status of a marksheet verification request in India:

        1. Visit the official website where the verification request was made.
        2. Locate the status tracking section and enter the verification request number or other relevant details.
        3. Check the status to see if the verification process is complete or still in progress.

        What should I do if there is a delay in marksheet verification?

        If there is a delay in the marksheet verification process:

        1. Contact the issuing institution to inquire about the status of your verification request.
        2. Check the official website for any updates or notifications regarding delays.
        3. Follow up regularly to ensure that your request is being processed.

        What happens during marksheet verification in India?

        During marksheet verification in India:

        1. Document Submission: The individual submits their academic documents for verification.
        2. Cross-Verification: The verifying body contacts the issuing institution to confirm the authenticity of the documents.
        3. Use of Technology: Advanced tools like blockchain and AI may be used to enhance the verification process.
        4. Report Generation: A verification report is created, detailing the results of the verification.

        How to verify marksheet for abroad from India?

        To verify a marksheet for use abroad:

        1. Get the marksheet attested by the issuing institution.
        2. Obtain an Apostille from the Ministry of External Affairs (MEA) in India for countries part of the Hague Convention.
        3. Submit the attested and apostilled documents to the foreign educational institution or employer for verification.

        How to address marksheet verification delay in India?

        To address a delay in marksheet verification:

        1. Contact the relevant authorities at the issuing institution to inquire about the status.
        2. Check for any online updates or announcements regarding delays.
        3. Escalate the issue to higher authorities if the delay persists without explanation.

        What are the common complaints regarding marksheet verification in India?

        Common complaints regarding marksheet verification in India include:

        • Delays in the verification process.
        • Inaccuracies in the verification report.
        • Lack of response from the issuing institution.
        • Complications due to varied verification procedures across institutions.

        How do I verify my marksheet?

         Verifying a marksheet can be done through several steps:

        1. Contact the Issuing Institution:
          • Reach out to the school, college, or university that issued the marksheet.
          • Request them to confirm the authenticity of the document. This might require providing details like your roll number, year of passing, and any other relevant information.
        2. Use Online Verification Portals:
          • Many educational institutions provide online verification services.
          • Visit the official website of the institution and look for the verification section.
          • Enter the necessary details to verify your marksheet online.
        3. Third-Party Verification Services:
          • Use services like AuthBridge that specialize in academic verifications.
          • These services contact the institution on your behalf and provide a verified report.

        How do you check if any marksheet is original or not?

        To check if a marksheet is original:

        1. Physical Inspection:
          • Look for security features such as watermarks, holograms, and official seals.
          • Check the paper quality and printing consistency. Original marksheets often use high-quality materials.
        2. Verification Code:
          • Many modern marksheets include a unique verification code or QR code.
          • Enter this code on the issuing institution’s verification portal to check the authenticity.
        3. Contacting the Issuing Institution:
          • Directly contact the institution that issued the marksheet.
          • Provide them with the details and request verification.
        4. Digital Verification Platforms:
          • Use platforms provided by educational boards or third-party verification services.

        How do I verify my NCVT marks card?

        To verify an NCVT (National Council for Vocational Training) marks card:

        1. NCVT MIS Portal:
          • Visit the NCVT MIS (Management Information System) portal: NCVT MIS.
          • Go to the “Verification” section.
          • Enter your details such as roll number and other required information to verify your marks card.
        2. Contact the ITI:
          • Reach out to the Industrial Training Institute (ITI) where you completed your training.
          • Request them to confirm the authenticity of your marks card.

        How to get ITI marksheet online?

        To obtain an ITI marksheet online:

        1. NCVT MIS Portal:
          • Visit the NCVT MIS portal: NCVT MIS.
          • Log in using your credentials (registration number, date of birth, etc.).
          • Navigate to the “Student” section and select “Marksheet” or “Result.”
          • Download and print your marksheet from the portal.
        2. State ITI Portals:
          • Some states have their own ITI portals where you can access your marksheet.
          • Visit the respective state ITI website and follow the instructions for downloading the marksheet.
        3. Contact ITI:
          • If online access is not available, contact the ITI where you completed your course and request them to provide you with a digital copy of your marksheet.
        By Abhinandan, ago
        Moonlighting in India

        Moonlighting in India: Meaning, Legal Implications, Impact, and Verification Methods

        Introduction to Moonlighting:

        Moonlighting refers to the practice of holding a secondary job or responsibilities, typically unknown to one’s primary employer, often performed during off-hours like nights or weekends. This term gained popularity as employees started to seek additional employment beyond their regular day jobs to increase their income.

        Why is Moonlighting not a good thing for employers?

        Moonlighting presents several challenges for employers, often making them wary of this practice for various reasons:

        1. Decreased Productivity: Employers are concerned that employees who work multiple jobs may not perform optimally in their primary roles. Fatigue from balancing more than one job can lead to reduced energy and focus, which can adversely affect productivity and the quality of work.
        1. Conflict of Interest: There’s a risk that moonlighting could lead to situations where an employee’s secondary job conflicts with the interests of their primary employer. This could be direct, such as working for a competitor, or indirect, where the employee may inadvertently share sensitive information or insights that could benefit their secondary employer.
        1. Divided Loyalties: Employers might worry that employees who moonlight may not be fully committed or loyal to their primary job. This divided attention can lead to prioritization issues, where employees may favor their secondary employment over their main job responsibilities.
        1. Impact on Team Dynamics: If an employee is regularly tired or less engaged due to their commitments elsewhere, it can affect not only their own performance but also the morale and productivity of the entire team. This can create additional strain on colleagues who may have to compensate for the decrease in productivity.
        1. Availability Issues: Moonlighting can lead to scheduling conflicts, especially if the secondary job requires similar working hours or if unexpected demands arise from the other role. This can make it difficult for employers to rely on the employee for overtime or to cover shifts, which is particularly problematic in roles that require a high degree of flexibility.
        1. Legal and Ethical Concerns: There can be legal implications if the moonlighting activity violates non-compete clauses or confidentiality agreements. Ethically, employers may question whether an employee can impartially handle responsibilities if they are engaged in similar work elsewhere.
        1. Resource Drain: When employees are overstretched, they might use the resources from their primary job to support activities for their secondary job, whether that’s time, materials, or intellectual property. This can lead to losses and ethical breaches for the primary employer.

        Legality of Moonlighting in India:

        Legal Position of Moonlighting in India As previously stated, there is no explicit law in India that addresses moonlighting. However, it might be subject to legal repercussions under many statutes, including the Employment Contract Act, the Shops and Establishments Act, and the Industrial Disputes Act.  The Industrial Employment (Standing Orders) Act, of 1946 permits dual employment. Whereas under the Factories Act, of 1948, dual employment is prohibited. Under the Factories Act of 1948, an employer cannot require or let an adult employee work in the factory on days when they have already worked in another workplace. The prohibition provided by the Occupational Safety, Health, and Working Conditions (OSH) Code is restricted to simultaneous employment in a mine or factory and is largely equivalent to the one outlined in the Factories Act.

        Consequences of Going Against Company Clause of Moonlighting: The consequences of going against a company clause prohibiting moonlighting can vary depending on the specific terms of the contract and the laws applicable in the jurisdiction where the employer is based. However, some common consequences include:

        Disciplinary action: The employer may take disciplinary action against the employee, which may include a warning, suspension, or termination of the contract.

        Legal action: If the breach of contract happens, the employer may choose to take legal action against the employee.

        Damages: If the employer can demonstrate that the employee’s moonlighting activities have caused harm to the company, they may be able to claim damages.

        Reputation damage: Going against a company clause can damage the employee’s reputation and may have negative consequences for their future employment prospects.

        It is important to note that the specific consequences of going against a company clause prohibiting moonlighting will depend on the laws and regulations applicable in the jurisdiction where the employer is based, and the terms of the employment contract. An employee should seek legal advice before engaging in the concept of moonlighting activities if their employment contract contains a clause prohibiting such activities.

        Moonlighting Policy for Employees:

        Developing a Moonlighting Policy for Employees in India:

        The topic of moonlighting has recently come under the spotlight in India, especially among leading corporations. There remains a significant debate around the ethical and legal dimensions of moonlighting, leading to varied stances among companies.

        Role of HR in Moonlighting Policies:

        It is primarily up to each company’s Human Resources department to establish a clear policy regarding moonlighting. This results in diverse policies across the corporate spectrum. Some companies have already implemented specific guidelines, while others are in the process of defining their stance.

        Common Trends in Moonlighting Policies:

        Most businesses tend to restrict their employees from engaging in work with competing organizations. This is a widespread measure to prevent conflicts of interest. Moreover, companies that haven’t yet formalized a separate moonlighting policy often address the issue by incorporating a clause against dual employment directly into their employment contracts.

        How to Find Out if an Employee Is Moonlighting?

        Companies can know if an employee is moonlighting and working for its competitors using their Universal Account Number (UAN) of the Employees’ Provident Fund (EPF). Companies can access an employee’s UAN number to get to know if two PF contributions are being made by different companies. When two PF contributions are being made simultaneously to a UAN, it is a clear indication of moonlighting by the employees.

        Wipro fired 300 employees for moonlighting by tracking the EPF accounts maintained under the UANs. However, it isn’t easy to find moonlighting by an employee when he/she takes up additional work as a consultant, freelancer or part-time since an employer does not make the PF contribution for such work.

        However, companies may start deploying new-age technology to track devices given to employees solely for office work and get to know when an employee uses it to do another company’s work. They may also hire a third-party agency for background checks to find out about moonlighting by an employee.

        Detecting Employee Moonlighting

        Businesses can ascertain whether their employees are engaged in moonlighting, especially with competitors, by monitoring their Universal Account Number (UAN) associated with the Employees’ Provident Fund (EPF). By examining an employee’s UAN, companies can detect dual PF contributions from separate employers, which is a clear sign of moonlighting.

        Instances of Monitoring:

        For instance, Wipro terminated 300 employees who were found moonlighting by monitoring the EPF accounts linked to their UANs. Detecting moonlighting becomes challenging when employees engage in freelance, consultancy, or part-time roles that do not require PF contributions by the employer.

        Preventive Measures by AuthBridge:

        AuthBridge leverages AI technology to effectively address and manage dual employment dilemmas, crafting a strategic blend of tactics for our clients and their HR teams. Our platform offers seamless workflows and minimizes data loss, enhancing the speed and efficiency of employment verification processes.

        Our Dual Employment Verification Approach:

        Our method involves using the UAN to conduct non-invasive employment verification, ensuring accurate results quickly and efficiently. AuthBridge’s system is designed to be data-centric and precise. Upon obtaining an employee’s UAN, we commence verification to confirm there is no concurrent employment during the client’s tenure. If dual employment is detected, the situation is immediately flagged.

        Details Verified in Our UAN Checks Include:

        • Employee’s Name
        • Father’s/Husband’s Name
        • Employing Organization
        • Date of Joining
        • Date of Exit

        Technological Advantages with AuthBridge:

        • Streamlined integrations through simple dashboards and APIs
        • Real-time background checks that optimize time efficiency
        • Customization of workflows to suit specific client and industry needs
        • Cost-effective solutions driven by a robust database
        • Elimination of manual processes
        • Secure digital data handling compliant with industry standards
        • Detailed and swift reporting to facilitate quicker hiring decisions

        AuthBridge’s CEO on Moonlighting:

        “A person can have multiple employees crediting PF into the same PF account. Many companies don’t run dual-employment verification for their employees. They will conduct a basic background screening,” said Ajay Trehan, founder and CEO of AuthBridge.“The only logical explanation is she must have been running a mini BPO setup at her home with multiple terminals and enrolled people to work on a project basis. We only run a check on PF credentials for dual employment.“

        Click Here to read the full article

        moonlighting in india: AuthBridge CEO, Ajay Trehan words on the current insights and industry trends related to dual employment

        Recent Developments in Corporate Moonlighting Policies

        Wipro’s Stance:

        Wipro’s CEO, Rishad Premji, recently labeled moonlighting as unethical, equating it to cheating. This strict viewpoint led to the termination of 300 employees found working for competitors, highlighting the company’s zero-tolerance policy against moonlighting.

        IBM’s Approach:

        IBM has also issued warnings to its workforce regarding moonlighting. The company has made it clear that such practices are not acceptable, reinforcing the policy to ensure that employees dedicate their professional energies solely to IBM.

        TCS’s Approach:

        Tata Consultancy Services (TCS) has voiced concerns over moonlighting, declaring it a matter of ethics and in direct contradiction with the company’s values and culture. TCS emphasizes integrity and full-time commitment from its employees, discouraging any form of dual employment.

        By Siddharth, ago

        How To Check Your Passport Status In India (2024 Update)

        How to Check Your Passport Application Status?

        There are two main ways to check your passport status in India – online and offline.

        1. Online:

        Passport Seva Portal: Visit Passport Seva, select ‘Track Your Application Status,’ and enter your file number and date of birth.
        mPassport Seva App: Download, register, and log in to the app. Enter your file number and date of birth.

        2. Offline:

        National Call Centre: Call 1800 258 1800 (8:00 AM to 10:00 PM) to get your status update.
        Local Passport Seva Kendra (PSK): Visit the nearest PSK with your file number and date of birth to inquire at the information counter.
        SMS: Send STATUS <FILE NUMBER> to 9704 100 100 from your registered mobile number.

        When it comes to checking the status of your passport application, having the right information at hand is crucial. Regardless of the channel you choose to use—online or offline—you will need the following key details:

        a) Passport File Number: This is a unique 15-digit number assigned to you upon the submission of your passport application. It serves as an essential identifier in the tracking system.

        b) Date of Birth: Your date of birth is required to verify your identity and match it with your passport application file.

        Passport Seva Application Tracking Homepage

        Using your credentials, you can follow different ways to track passport application status online/offline, as mentioned in the step-by-step breakdown of each way to check your passport status below.

        How To Check Passport Status Online?

        To Check the passport status online, there are two ways:

        1. Via Passport Seva Portal
        2. Via mPassport Seva Mobile App

        If you’re looking for a step-by-step guide of how each channel works. Here’s a detailed breakdown:

        1. Via Passport Seva Portal/Website

        Step 1: Visit the Official Passport Seva Website.

        Step 2: Select the ‘Track Your Application Status‘ Tab:

        • On the homepage, find and click on the ‘Track Your Application Status’ option. This is typically located on the right side of the screen.
          Track Passport Application Status

          Step 3: Choose the type of passport application:

          You will be redirected to a new page where you need to select the type of passport application from a drop-down menu. Options may include:
          1. Fresh Passport
          2. Reissue of passport
          3. Diplomatic passport
          4. Official passport
          5. And other types specific to your application

          Track Passport Application Status Tab

          Step 4: Enter the required details in the provided fields:

          – File Number: This is a unique 15-digit number assigned to your application. You can find this number on your passport application receipt.
          – Date of Birth: Enter your date of birth in the prescribed format (dd/mm/yyyy).

          Step 5: Track your status:

          After entering your details, click on the ‘Track Status’ button.

          Step 6: View your application status

          The current status of your passport application will be displayed on the screen. This status update is in real-time and will reflect the most recent information available about your application.

          2. Via mPassport Seva Mobile App

          Step 1: Download and Install the mPassport Seva App on your mobile phone.

          For iOS Users: Visit the App Store and search for “mPassport Seva.”
          For Android Users: Visit the Google Play Store and search for “mPassport Seva.”

          Download and install the app on your smartphone.

            mPassport Seva App listing on Google Play Store, App Store

            Step 2: Register on the App

            1. Open the app and complete the registration process by providing the necessary details. This may include your name, email address, and phone number.

            2. Create a secure password for your account.

            Step 3: Log In to Your Account

             After registering, log in to the app using your credentials.

            Step 4: Navigate to the ‘Track Application Status’ Section

             Once logged in, find the ‘Track Application Status’ option in the app’s menu.

                mPassport Seva App homepage

                Step 5: Enter required details

                Application File Number: Input the unique 15-digit file number assigned to your passport application.

                Date of Birth: Enter your date of birth in the specified format (dd/mm/yyyy).

                Step 6: Track your application

                Tap on the ‘Track Status’ button after entering the required details.

                Step 7: View your application status

                The app will display the current status of your passport application, providing real-time updates directly on your screen.

                  Also Read:  The Strongest Passports Of The World In 2024

                  How To Track Passport Application Status Offline?

                  To check your passport application status offline, there are 3 ways:

                  1. Check Passport Status Via SMS

                  2. Check Passport Status Via Help Desk

                  3. Check Passport Status Via National Toll Free Number

                  If you’re looking for a step-by-step guide of how each channel works. Here’s a detailed breakdown:

                  1. via SMS

                  • To track the status of your passport application via SMS, follow these steps:

                    Use Your Registered Mobile Number:

                    Ensure you send the SMS from the mobile number registered with your passport application.

                    Send an SMS:

                    Format your SMS as follows: STATUS <FILE NUMBER>
                    Send this SMS to 9704 100 100.

                    Receive Status Update: 

                    You will receive an SMS containing the current status of your passport application.

                  • Important Note: This SMS service is not free and may incur standard SMS charges
                  Passport Tracking Status SMS

                  2. Via Helpdesk

                  If you prefer to check your passport application status in person, you can use the offline helpdesk services at Passport Seva Kendra (PSK). Here’s how:

                  o) Visit the Nearest Passport Seva Kendra (PSK): Go to the PSK or Regional Passport Office closest to your location.

                    list of regional passport offices in India

                    o) Locate the Information Counter: Upon arrival, look for the information counter where you can make inquiries.

                    o) Inquire About Your Application Status: Ask the staff at the information counter for the status of your currently submitted passport application.

                    Note: You can also request the status of your application by sending an email to the PSK office with your file number and date of birth. Sometimes, the online delivery status might not reflect the actual real-time delivery status. Therefore, it is advisable to contact your nearest Speed Post Centre for the most accurate information. If the personnel at the Speed Post Centre are unable to locate your address, your passport will be returned to the sender. In such cases, please reach out to your Regional Passport Office for further assistance.

                    3. Via National Toll Free Number

                    o) For all Indian citizens (except Jammu and Kashmir, and North-eastern states): Call 1800 258 1800 (toll-free). This service is available from 8:00 AM to 10:00 PM. During non-working hours, an automated Interactive Voice Response System (IVRS) will provide the necessary information.

                    o) For residents of Jammu and Kashmir: Call 040-66720567 (regular charges may apply).

                    o) For residents of North-eastern states: Call 040-66720581 (regular charges may apply).

                    Passport Seva Customer care contact us number

                    Various Stages of Tracking Passport Application On The Passport Seva Portal

                    Passport application to delivery process

                    The Passport Seva Portal provides a detailed and systematic way to track your passport application status. Here are the various stages you might encounter when tracking your passport application:

                    1. Application Submitted: This initial stage indicates that your application has been successfully submitted and is under processing.

                    2. Application Verified: This stage confirms that your application details have been verified. This includes verifying the documents submitted with your application.

                    3. Passport Status Created: This means that your application has been formally registered and entered into the Passport Seva system, and processing has commenced. The “Created” status is essentially an acknowledgment that your application is now in the system and will be moved forward through various stages such as document verification, police verification (if required), and eventually, printing and dispatching of the passport.

                    4. Police Verification Initiated: At this stage, your application has been forwarded to the local police for verification. Police verification is an essential part of the passport issuance process.

                    5. Police Verification Completed: This indicates that the local police have completed the verification of your details. 

                    6. PCC Status: After the police verification is completed and found satisfactory, the Police Clearance Certificate (PCC) is issued. The PCC indicates that the individual has no criminal record or adverse information on file. Post this process, the police send their report back to the Passport Seva Kendra.

                    7. Passport Printing Initiated: Once the police verification is completed and approved, the process of printing your passport is initiated.

                    8. Passport Printed: This stage confirms that your passport has been printed and is ready for dispatch.

                    9. Passport Dispatched: Your passport has been dispatched to your address via Indian Speed Post. You will receive a tracking number to monitor the delivery status.

                    10. Passport Delivered: The final stage, indicating that your passport has been successfully delivered to the address provided in your application.

                      How to Check the Passport Police Verification Status?

                      1. Go to Passport Seva.

                      2. Log in using your registered credentials.

                      3. Find and click on the ‘Track Application Status’ option.

                      4. Enter your file number and date of birth.

                      5. Click on ‘Track Status’ to view the current status of your police verification

                      How To Track Passport Dispatch And Delivery Status?

                      Follow these steps to check your passport dispatch status on the Indian Speed Post Portal:
                      1. Visit the Passport Seva Portal: Log in to your account to obtain your 13-digit tracking number.
                      2. Visit the India Post’s Official Website: Navigate to India Post’s official website.
                      3. Navigate to the ‘Track Consignment’ Section: Find the ‘Track Consignment’ section on the homepage.
                      4. Enter Your Tracking Number: Input your 13-digit tracking number in the ‘Consignment Number’ box.
                      5. Click on the ‘Search’ Button: If your delivery tracking information isn’t available, it means that your passport hasn’t been dispatched.

                      Passport dispatch speed post status

                      If the delivery tracking information is not available, it implies that your passport has not yet been dispatched.

                      Addressing Delivery Issues:

                      Online vs. Real-Time Status: Sometimes, the online delivery status might not reflect real-time updates. For the most accurate information, contact your nearest Speed Post Centre directly.
                      Handling Delivery Problems: If the Speed Post Centre personnel are unable to locate your address, the passport will be returned to the sender. In such cases, contact your Regional Passport Office for assistance in re-dispatching or collecting your passport.

                      Can You Collect the Passport from the Regional Passport Office?

                      Yes, in emergencies, you can collect your passport from the Regional Passport Office. However, there are specific steps and conditions to be aware of:

                      1. Application Form: You must fill out an application form explaining the urgent need to collect the passport in person.

                      2. Approval Process: The Regional Passport officers will review your application. They have the discretion to accept or reject your request based on the urgency and validity of the reason provided.

                      What does it mean when your passport is “ready for dispatch”?

                      When your passport is “ready for dispatch,” it means that the processing of your passport application is complete, and your new passport is prepared for delivery. This indicates that your passport has been printed, approved, and is about to be sent to the address you provided during the application process

                        Tips for a Seamless Passport Tracking Experience

                        1. Keep Your Credentials Handy: Always have your file number and date of birth ready.
                        2. Use Official Channels: Track your status via the Passport Seva Portal or mPassport Seva app.
                        3. Stay Updated: Regularly check the status online for any changes.
                        4. Verify Contact Details: Ensure your registered mobile number and email are up-to-date.
                        5. Seek Help When Needed: Contact the Passport Seva helpline or visit the nearest PSK if issues arise.

                        Time Taken to Process Your Passport

                        The time taken to process your passport in India varies based on the type of application:

                        1. Normal Application: Typically takes 30 to 45 days from the date of submission.
                        2. Tatkal Application: Generally processed within 1 to 7 days, subject to verification and approval.
                        Talk to sales - AuthBridge

                        Other Important Passport-Related Information

                        Passport Information:

                        A passport is an official travel document issued by a government that certifies the identity and nationality of its holder for international travel. It includes personal details such as the holder’s name, photo, date of birth, and nationality.

                        Passport Application Online:

                        Applying for a passport online involves filling out the application form on the Passport Seva portal, uploading the required documents, and scheduling an appointment at the nearest Passport Seva Kendra (PSK).

                        Documents Required for Passport in India:

                        To apply for a passport in India, you need documents such as proof of address, proof of date of birth, and identity proof. Common documents include an Aadhaar card, voter ID, and birth certificate.

                        Appointment Availability Status:

                        The status indicating the availability of appointment slots at Passport Seva Kendras (PSKs) for applicants to schedule their visit. It is checked during the initial stages of the passport application process, prior to submitting the application and tracking its status.

                        Passport Application Form:

                        The passport application form can be filled out online on the Passport Seva portal. It includes sections for personal information, address details, and passport-specific details.

                        Passport Renewal:

                        Passport renewal involves reapplying for a passport that is about to expire or has expired. The process is similar to applying for a new passport and can be done online or at a PSK.

                        Documents for Passport:

                        Common documents needed for a passport include proof of address, proof of date of birth, and identity proof. Additional documents may be required for specific cases like minor passports or re-issues.

                        Passport Enquiry:

                        You can make inquiries about passport application status, required documents, or any other related information through the Passport Seva portal, helpline numbers, or by visiting a PSK.

                        Check Passport Status:

                        The status of your passport application can be checked online via the Passport Seva portal or the mPassport Seva mobile app by entering your file number and date of birth.

                        Police Clearance Certificate:

                        A Police Clearance Certificate (PCC) is issued to Indian passport holders when they apply for residential status, employment, or long-term visa or immigration. It certifies that the individual has no criminal records.

                        Passport Renewal Process:

                        The passport renewal process involves filling out the renewal application form online, submitting the necessary documents, paying the fees, and attending the appointment at the PSK.

                        Tatkal Passport:

                        A Tatkal passport is issued under the Tatkal scheme for those needing a passport urgently. The process is expedited, and the passport is typically issued within a few days, subject to verification.

                        Passport Dispatch Status:

                        Once the passport is processed, its dispatch status can be tracked via the Passport Seva portal or the India Post website using the 13-digit tracking number provided.

                        Police Verification for Passport:

                        Police verification is a crucial step in the passport application process where the police verify the applicant’s address and background. It is required for first-time applicants and sometimes for renewals.

                        Passport Address Change:

                        To change the address on your passport, you need to apply for a reissue of the passport with the new address proof. The process can be initiated online via the Passport Seva portal.

                        Passport Renewal Status:

                        Passport renewal status indicates the current stage of processing for your passport application. It helps applicants know if their renewal request has been received, approved, or if further action is required. Checking the status regularly can ensure timely updates and help address any issues promptly.

                        Passport Renewal Tracking:

                        Passport renewal tracking allows applicants to monitor the progress of their renewal application through an official tracking system. By using a tracking number, individuals can access real-time updates on their application status. This service provides peace of mind and ensures applicants stay informed throughout the process.

                          FAQs on Passport Status Check 2024

                          No, the National Call Centre does not provide 24×7 customer care service. It operates from 8:00 AM to 10:00 PM every day of the week. During non-operational hours, customers can use the automated Interactive Voice Response System (IVRS) to get information.

                          PSK stands for Passport Seva Kendra, a regional office where applicants can apply for a new passport, renew an existing one, or make modifications.

                          Yes, the passport tracking service provides detailed information on the status of your application, including where it is stuck and any further actions needed.

                          You can check your passport status and details on the Passport Seva portal. The information is generally updated 14 days after the application or renewal process.

                          You can check the dispatch status of your passport by visiting the official Passport Seva portal and using the tracking feature provided there.

                          To check your passport status using your mobile number, send an SMS in the format STATUS [FILE NUMBER] to 9704100100. This should be done using the mobile number registered during your passport application process.

                          No, typically you are not permitted to pick up your passport in person from the Regional Passport Office. It is usually dispatched to your address.

                          No, providing the date of birth is mandatory to track the status of a passport application.

                          Yes, the status of the police verification report, including whether it has been submitted or is still pending, can be checked through the passport tracking service.

                          You can track your passport status online using the official Passport Seva portal or the mPassport Seva mobile app. Offline, you can call the National Passport Information Center at 1800 258 1800 or send an SMS to 9704 100 100.

                          The passport tracking file number is an alphanumeric reference code assigned to you after you submit your passport application and pay the necessary fee. It helps monitor the progress of your application.

                          According to government regulations, the typical timeframe to receive an Indian passport is between 30 to 45 days from the date of application.

                          Passport Seva Kendra (PSK) operates from Monday to Friday between 9:30 AM and 4:30 PM. The timings for token issuance are between 9:30 AM and 4:00 PM.

                          No, under the current system, all applicants must be physically present at the Passport Seva Kendra (PSK) and submit their application with the Application Print receipt and original documents after applying online.

                          Check the delivery status on the India Post website using the tracking number. If there are issues, contact your nearest Speed Post center or the Passport Office from which your passport was dispatched for assistance.

                          To verify your passport status in India, visit the Passport Seva website, log in, and check the “Track Application Status” section with your file number and date of birth. Alternatively, send “STATUS [File Number]” to 9704100100 via SMS.

                          By admin, ago
                          AuthBridge-footer-logo2

                          Stay Informed

                          Keep yourself updated with the latest innovations in BGV & Authentication Technology from India’s leading Background Verification Company

                          Sign up for our newsletter

                          Solutions

                          White-collar Verification
                          Blue-collar Verification
                          KYC Solutions
                          AML Solution
                          Digital Address Verification
                          Risk Management
                          Digital Underwriting
                          All Solutions →

                          Checks

                          Employment Verification
                          Education Verification
                          Address Verification
                          Aadhaar Card Verification
                          Pan Card Verification
                          Udyog Aadhaar Verification
                          GST Verification
                          View All Checks →

                          Products

                          iBRIDGE
                          OnboardX
                          TruthScreen
                          SignDrive
                          AuthLead
                          WorkAttest
                          Vault
                          CorpVeda
                          View All Products →

                          Resources

                          Blogs
                          Customer Stories
                          Whitepapers

                          View all Resources →

                          Company

                          About Us

                          Careers
                          Newsroom

                          Investor Relations

                          Help Center

                          For Clients
                          For Candidates
                          Youtube Facebook Linkedin
                          AuthBridge is the #1 Authentication Company. Copyright 2023 AuthBridge, All Rights Reserved.
                          Request A Demo
                          Youtube Facebook Linkedin

                          Hi! Let’s Schedule Your Call.

                          To begin, Tell us a bit about “yourself”

                          The most noteworthy aspects of our collaboration has been the ability to seamlessly onboard partners from all corners of India, for which our TAT has been reduced from multiple weeks to a few hours now.

                          - Mr. Satyasiva Sundar Ruutray
                          Vice President, F&A Commercial,
                          Greenlam

                          Thank You

                          We have sent your download in your email.

                          Case Study Download

                          Want to Verify More Tin Numbers?

                          Want to Verify More Pan Numbers?

                          Want to Verify More UAN Numbers?

                          Want to Verify More Pan Dob ?

                          Want to Verify More Aadhar Numbers?

                          Want to Check More Udyam Registration/Reference Numbers?

                          Want to Verify More GST Numbers?